chapter 17

What stimulates the secretion of posterior lobe hormones from the pituitary?

Hypothalamic neurons stimulate the release of stored hormones from their axon terminals located in the posterior lobe

In a positive feedback loop, if concentrations of a specific hormone increase, what is the response of the effector organ?

More of that hormone is secreted, which prompts further secretion of that hormone.

What stimulates the secretion of anterior lobe hormones from the pituitary?

Releasing hormones produced and secreted in the hypothalamus stimulate secretion of anterior lobe hormones.

The thymus is the organ where __________.

T lymphocytes mature from precursor cells

What stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?

TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?

The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.

Physiological response to short-term versus long-term stress differs in which important way(s)?

The short-term stress response is triggered by catecholamines and causes an immediate increase in metabolic rate

Oxytocin is a hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland. In what clinical circumstances would it be necessary to administer oxytocin?

To stimulate uterine contractions during labor.

a gland that secretes corticosteroids.

adrenal medulla

Steroid hormones are molecules that are derived from __________.

cholesterol

Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by

epidermis

The adrenal medulla consists of three distinct zones and secretes steroid hormones.

false

The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is

hormonal

The hormone produced by the heart

increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.

Which organ is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

kidney

Erythropoietin is produced in the

kidneys

an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.

pancreas

humoral stimulis

pancreas, parathyroid gland

a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones.

pituitary

Which of the purely endocrine organs contain modified neurons that produce and secrete neurohormones?

posterior lobe of the pituitary and adrenal medullae

neural stimulus

posterior lobe, medulla of adrenal gland

A cell does not respond to the presence of a hormone if it lacksd specific__________ molecules either on the plasma membrane or intracellularly.

receptor

Which of the listed hormones is not secreted by the placenta?

renin

an immune organ that also secretes hormones.

thymus

a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.

thymus gland

hormonal stimulis

thyroid, gonad, anterior lobe, adrenal cortex

All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream.

true

The endocrine cells of the pancreas are present in islets, whereas the exocrine cells are in acini.

true

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

well vascularized.

Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes hormones that regulate blood pressure?

zona glomerulosa