chapter 17
What stimulates the secretion of posterior lobe hormones from the pituitary?
Hypothalamic neurons stimulate the release of stored hormones from their axon terminals located in the posterior lobe
In a positive feedback loop, if concentrations of a specific hormone increase, what is the response of the effector organ?
More of that hormone is secreted, which prompts further secretion of that hormone.
What stimulates the secretion of anterior lobe hormones from the pituitary?
Releasing hormones produced and secreted in the hypothalamus stimulate secretion of anterior lobe hormones.
The thymus is the organ where __________.
T lymphocytes mature from precursor cells
What stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland?
TSH secreted by the anterior pituitary
Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine glands is incorrect?
The hormones they secrete travel more quickly than nerve impulses.
Physiological response to short-term versus long-term stress differs in which important way(s)?
The short-term stress response is triggered by catecholamines and causes an immediate increase in metabolic rate
Oxytocin is a hormone released from the posterior pituitary gland. In what clinical circumstances would it be necessary to administer oxytocin?
To stimulate uterine contractions during labor.
a gland that secretes corticosteroids.
adrenal medulla
Steroid hormones are molecules that are derived from __________.
cholesterol
Vitamin D is synthesized and secreted by
epidermis
The adrenal medulla consists of three distinct zones and secretes steroid hormones.
false
The major stimulus for the release of thyroid hormone is
hormonal
The hormone produced by the heart
increases the excretion of sodium in the urine.
Which organ is influenced by antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
kidney
Erythropoietin is produced in the
kidneys
an organ that secretes hormones controlling blood sugar levels.
pancreas
humoral stimulis
pancreas, parathyroid gland
a "master gland" that secretes at least nine hormones.
pituitary
Which of the purely endocrine organs contain modified neurons that produce and secrete neurohormones?
posterior lobe of the pituitary and adrenal medullae
neural stimulus
posterior lobe, medulla of adrenal gland
A cell does not respond to the presence of a hormone if it lacksd specific__________ molecules either on the plasma membrane or intracellularly.
receptor
Which of the listed hormones is not secreted by the placenta?
renin
an immune organ that also secretes hormones.
thymus
a gland that secretes a hormone controlling basal metabolic rate.
thymus gland
hormonal stimulis
thyroid, gonad, anterior lobe, adrenal cortex
All endocrine glands secrete their hormones into the bloodstream.
true
The endocrine cells of the pancreas are present in islets, whereas the exocrine cells are in acini.
true
Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are
well vascularized.
Which portion of the adrenal gland secretes hormones that regulate blood pressure?
zona glomerulosa