Chapter 17 Adult

___________ occurs when an individual's set point for weight maintenance shifts and stabilizes at a higher weight level.

Metabolic obseity

____________ is an approach to care that is respectful of and responsive to the patient's preferences, needs, and values and ensures that the patient's values guide all clinical decisions.

Patient-centered care

___________ is the treatment of disease through the use of drugs.

Pharmacotherapy

Screening for cardiovascular disease should occur about every ____ years, beginning at age ____. a. 3; 55 b. 6; 65 c. 6 months; 80 d. 5; 20 e. 3; 50

d. 5; 20

The presence of metabolic syndrome increases a person's risk of developing which of the following health conditions? a. type 2 diabetes b. heart disease c. stroke d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

_____________ is a program for weight management designed to build knowledge, modify beliefs and attitudes, and integrate new behaviors through a combination of skills training and analysis of behavior and thought processes.

Cognitive behavioral therapy

____________ is the abnormal metabolism and deposition of fat.

Lipodystrophy

The amount of carbohydrate allowed per meal typically ranges from ________ for women and _______ for men.

The amount of carbohydrate allowed per meal typically ranges from (45 g) for women and (60 g) for men.

What reading meets the criteria for risk of coronary heart disease? a. HDL <40mg/dL b. blood pressure of 130/85 mmHg c. LDL level of 85 mg/dL d. fasting blood glucose of 95 mg/dL e. hip circumference of 30 inches

a. HDL <40mg/dL

Select the statement about the physiological effects of HIV that is NOT correct. a. HIV infection decreases resting energy requirements. b. Macronutrient needs increase. c. Nutrient malabsorption can further compromise nutrient stores. d. HIV causes a decline in immune function.

a. HIV infection decreases resting energy requirements.

What is the protein macronutrient recommendation for men with HIV? a. 25-50 g per day b. 100-150 g per day c. Limit protein consumption d. 80-100 g per day

b. 100-150 g per day

Bariatric surgery is reserved for patients with clinically severe obesity and a BMI over ________. a. 40-42 b. 35-40 c. 30-32 d. 20-25

b. 35-40

Which type of cholesterol delivers cholesterol to cells for storage and synthesis of hormones? a. HDL b. LDL c. Very high density lipoproteins d. All of these are correct.

b. LDL

Viscous fiber holds water in the gut, forming a thick gel that reduces absorption of cholesterol-rich _____ and carrying them out of the body, thereby reducing ______ levels. a. fat cells; triglyceride b. bile acids; LDL c. chylomicrons; total cholesterol d. protein carriers; LDL e. white blood cells; triglyceride

b. bile acids; LDL

Where do the majority of cancers originate? a. muscle b. epithelial tissue c. connective tissue d. nervous tissue

b. epithelial tissue

What nutrition-related factor is associated with increased cancer risk? a. white flour b. salty foods c. soda d. green tea e. whole milk

b. salty foods

What lifestyle factor or biochemical marker is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases? a. low VLDL cholesterol b. smoking c. low lipoprotein levels d. low alcohol intake e. high HDL cholesterol

b. smoking

Which statement about metabolic syndrome is NOT correct? a. Another term for metabolic syndrome is syndrome X. b. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. c. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is high HDL cholesterol. d. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is abdominal obesity.

c. One characteristic of metabolic syndrome is high HDL cholesterol.

Which country has the highest obesity rate in the world? a. Mexico b. Canada c. United States d. China

c. United States

Which type of diet emphasizes plant foods, appropriate fats, and fish, along with smaller amounts of lean meat and dairy? a. ketogenic diet b. a low HDL and high LDL diet c. cardio-protective diet d. therapeutic lifestyle diet

c. cardio-protective diet

What is the correct order of the stages of cancer development? a. activation, promotion, initiation, invasion and metastasis, progression b. invasion and metastasis, activation, initiation, progression, promotion c. initiation, promotion, invasion, activation, progression and metastasis d. activation, initiation, promotion, progression, invasion and metastasis e. initiation, activation, progression, promotion, metastasis and invasion

d. activation, initiation, promotion, progression, invasion and metastasis

The goal of clinical management of metabolic syndrome is to reduce the risk of _______ and progression to ______. a. dementia; congestive heart failure b. renal failure; kidney disease c. vitamin/mineral toxicity; diabetes d. atherosclerotic disease; diabetes e. insulin resistance; COPD

d. atherosclerotic disease; diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder in which the ______ of the pancreas that produce ______ are destroyed by the body's own immune system. a. alpha cells; insulin b. beta cells; glucagon c. delta cells; glucose d. beta cells; insulin e. digestive enzymes; glycogen

d. beta cells; insulin

Viscous __________ hold(s) water in the gut, forming a thick gel that reduces absorption of cholesterol-rich bile acids and carries them out of the body. a. trans fats b. saturated fat c. stanols d. fiber

d. fiber

Joe is 45 years old, 70 inches tall, 257 pounds, and has a waist circumference of 104 cm. Joe's doctor says he is at risk for metabolic abnormalities and chronic diseases, mostly because Joe ______. a. has a high BMR b. has a significant amount of subcutaneous fat c. has a high amount of yellow fat d. has a high amount of visceral fat e. is too stocky

d. has a high amount of visceral fat

What condition associated with overweight and obesity is classified as a cardiometabolic condition? a. gastrointestinal reflux disease b. infertility c. urinary stress d. prediabetes e. depression

d. prediabetes

What is the number one cause of death among people with diabetes? a. pneumonia b. infections c. coma d. hepatic failure e. heart disease

e. heart disease

Class II obesity is associated with a BMI value in the range of _______ kg/m2. a. 25.0-29.9 b. 19.5-23.9 c. 35.0-39.9 d. >42.0 e. 32.0-42.9

c. 35.0-39.9

What combination of symptoms would be diagnosed as metabolic syndrome? a. male waist circumference of 43 inches, fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dL, and HDL level of 80 mg/dL b. fasting plasma glucose of 100 mg/dL, LDL of 76 mg/dL, and systolic blood pressure of 110 mmHg c. male waist circumference of 42 inches, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, and HDL of 30 mg/dL d. female waist circumference of 33 inches, fasting plasma glucose of 98 mg/dL, and HDL of 50 mg/dL e. female waist circumference of 29 inches, diastolic blood pressure of 69 mmHg, and LDL of 95 mg/dL

c. male waist circumference of 42 inches, systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg, and HDL of 30 mg/dL

What serving of food counts as a single carbohydrate serving and provides about 15 grams of carbohydrates? a. 2 cups of soy milk b. 2 cups of vegetable soup c. ½ cup cooked cereal d. 5 small cookies e. 1 cup pudding

c. ½ cup cooked cereal

How much weight gain since young adulthood is associated with a twofold increased risk and earlier onset of chronic disease? a. 5 kg b. 10 kg c. 3 kg d. 12 kg

d. 12 kg

A 45-year-old Caucasian male who is 68 inches tall and weighs 165 pounds has recently tested positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To maintain his weight for HIV management purposes, how many calories per day should this person consume? a. 1850 kcals b. 2475 kcals c. 135 kcals d. 2805 kcals e. 3500 kcals

d. 2805 kcals

About how long does it take for prediabetes to convert to type 2 diabetes? a. 15-20 years b. 3-5 years c. 1-2 years d. 5-10 years

d. 5-10 years

Which of the following is a nutrition and physical activity guideline for cancer prevention? a. Achieve and maintain a healthy weight. b. Make physical activity a part of daily routines. c. If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. d. All of these are correct.

d. All of these are correct.

What are two early biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases? a. low triglycerides and low coronary artery calcium score b. atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia c. ischemia and comorbidity d. hyperlipidemia and hypertension

d. hyperlipidemia and hypertension