Intellectually disabilities Test 3

absence seizures

Absence Seizures Short staring spells

what are the two types of seizure disorders

Absence Seizures Tonic-Clonic Seizures

What is transition planning?

Access to the general curriculum Facilitating the coordination and expansion of services within the community. IDEA mandates transition planning Must be built on person-centered approach to include content on residential and leisure alternatives in addition to employment

What are expected outcomes of secondary programs? What should an effective high school program look like

Critical measure of effectiveness in any educational program is the success of its graduates Components of an effective high school program

What are some activities that should be accomplished in the community work setting?

Does not support the premise that people with intellectual disabilities must have acquired a certain level of skills prior to entering community work settings.

severe

IQ 20 to 34 Considerable delays in development Understands speech, but little ability to communicate Able to learn daily routines May learn very simple self-care Needs direct supervision in social situations

moderate

IQ 35 to 49 Noticeable developmental delays (i.e. speech, motor skills) May have physical signs of impairment (i.e. thick tongue) Can communicate in basic, simple ways Able to learn basic health and safety skills Can complete self-care activities Can travel alone to nearby, familiar places

Mild ID

IQ 50 to 70 Slower than typical in all developmental areas No unusual physical characteristics Able to learn practical life skills Attains reading and math skills up to grade levels 3 to 6 Able to blend in socially Functions in daily life

profound

IQ less than 20 Significant developmental delays in all areas Obvious physical and congenital abnormalities Requires close supervision Requires attendant to help in self-care activities May respond to physical and social activities Not capable of independent living

Tonic-Clonic Seizures

Jerking Possible loss of consciousness Safety precautions Clear the immediate area Loosen tight clothing When possible, turn the person on their side Stay with them Allow rest following the seizure Call emergency personnel if seizure lasts more than five minutes

What is observational learning?

Learning through watching appears to be a good approach, given the tendency towards outer-directedness

What are some strategies to assist in memory development?

Present grouped information Use examples that are familiar Teach mnemonics Use rehearsal strategies Use direct instruction Use visuals Repeated use of application

What are the components of a functional academics program?

Reading Language Mathematics

What is the Vocational Rehabilitation Act (1973)?

Section 504 Section 503: emphasizes regulations for affirmative action to employ people with disabilities Amendments to the Vocational Rehabilitation Act 1986: supported employment 1992: stronger collaboration between schools and rehabilitation counselors in transition planning 1998: greater linkages with public education in order to facilitate the transition of the student with a disability into postsecondary education and/or competitive employment

What are some adaptive skills that are taught?

Socialization Self-determination/personal management Recreational/leisure time

outer directness

Students tend to rely extensively on external clues (facial) indicating lack of confidence in self or potential for success Implications Leads to individual having limited control over events Learned helplessness Avoid accepting responsibility for failure or success Blame external events beyond their control Learned to distrust their own abilities; relying on external cues may be appropriate adaptation to one's limitations, but relying too heavily results in over dependence even when one is capable.

Define Attention

The ability to be aware of the appropriate or necessary dimensions of a particular stimulus or object 3 components 1. attention span-length of time on task 2. focus/inhibition of distracting or incidental stimuli 3. Selective attention

Define Memory

The ability to store information and retrieve it on command/demand. Memory deficits in mild intellectual disability result from lack of selective attention inefficient or nonexistent rehearsal strategies delay in developing learning sets problems generalizing learned skills to new settings, with different people, or in different ways

What can you as a teacher do to help children with Mild Intellectual Disabilities increase attention to task?

allow more trials allow more time present fewer task steps/components remove extraneous information increase difficulty more slowly teach decision making rules provide prompts for focusing attention

Examples of Sociobehavioral characteristics

descriptiveness low self-esteem over-activity distractibility and other attention-related problems interpersonal cognitive problem solving establishing and maintaining interpersonal relationships inappropriate behavior

What is the Carl Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act of 1990?

enhanced employment training opportunities for adolescents with ID

What are some health related problems related to people with Down Syndrome?

heart defects surgical procedures can be successful in correcting lung abnormalities susceptibility to upper respiratory infections Leukemia risk is higher than in the normal population. eye and ear infections obesity skin problems problems of the teeth and gums hearing impairments

Long-term memory

in people with mild intellectual disability works about as well as for people with no intellectual disability

Short-term memory

is affected by the deficits described on previous slide

What is cerebral palsy?

neuromuscular disability may result from damage to the brain at birth or during the first 4 years of life may or may not be accompanied by intellectual disability symptoms depend on area of the body that is affected

External Locus of Control

sees positive events as controlled by outside forces

Learned helplessness

student doesn't even attempt because of repeated failure student just stops participating the feeling of no matter how hard i try, i want succed

Expectancy of Failure:

student is not motivated because of repeated failure

Define Selective Attention

the ability to attend to the relevant aspects of the task at hand and to discard the irrelevant aspects Low selective attention = distractibility

define sustained attention

the ability to maintain one's concentration long enough to process and comprehend the information Low sustained attention = short attention span