Chapter 17

Which of the following hormones stimulate raise blood glucose levels and stimulates lipolysis? All choices are correct Epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone Glucagon

All Choices are Correct

Which of the following is characteristic of the general adaptation syndrome? Conservation of water and sodium All choices are correct Maintains blood pressure Mobilization of energy reserves

All choices are correct

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones? Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary

Anterior pituitary

All of the following are true of the postabsorptive state except: Excess amino acids are needed for protein synthesis Blood glucose drops Amino acids can be converted to glucose by gluconeogenesis Most body cells will burn fatty acids to spare glucose for the brain

Excess amino acids are needed for protein synthesis

The thymus gland secretes erythropoietin in response to low blood oxygen. True False

False

The anterior pituitary gland Secretes aldosterone All choices are correct Stores posterior pituitary hormones Is regulated by hormones secreted by the epithalamus Is composed of glandular tissue

Is composed of glandular tissue

Insulin is the only hormone that lowers blood glucose levels. True False

True

Parathyroid hormone functions to raise blood calcium levels. False True

True

​What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? ​angiotensin ​testosterone ​estrogen ​cortisol ​aldosterone

cortisol

Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose. decrease, decrease increase, increase decrease, increase increase, decrease

increase, increase

​What do mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone do? ​influence electrolyte balance ​reduce blood sugar levels ​stimulate release of growth hormone ​impact sexuality and libido ​play a role in glucose metabolism

​influence electrolyte balance

​What do mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone do? ​reduce blood sugar levels ​impact sexuality and libido ​stimulate release of growth hormone ​play a role in glucose metabolism ​influence electrolyte balance

​influence electrolyte balance

​What's the storage form of excess circulating amino acids not immediately needed? ​protein ​polypeptides ​triglycerides ​glycogen ​enzymes

​triglycerides

​What vitamin does parathyroid hormone enhance activation of in the kidneys? ​vitamin D ​vitamin B6 ​vitamin A ​vitamin C ​vitamin E

​vitamin D

Match the following hormones with their TARGET tissue: Hormones: ACTH LH ADH oxytocin glucagon Tissues: liver thyroid adrenal cortex Kidney tubules uterine smooth muscle ovaries and testes pancreas bones

ACTH - adrenal cortex LH - ovaries and testes ADH - Kidney tubules oxytocin - uterine smooth muscle glucagon - liver

Which of the following hormones stimulate raise blood glucose levels and stimulates lipolysis? All choices are correct Epinephrine Cortisol Growth hormone Glucagon

Cortisol

All hormone secretion is under the direct control of the hypothalamus. True False

False

Increases in angiotensin II levels cause decreases in blood pressure. False True

False

​Vitamin D is actually a hormone that increases Ca2+ absorption in the liver. True False

False

Which is not correct regarding growth hormone (GH)? GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin. GH stimulates cell growth and mitosis. GH affects most body cells. mobilizes fat stores and increases fatty acid levels in the blood

GH stimulates the kidney to secrete somatomedin.

Select the hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland that increases the concentration of blood sugar. Epinephrine Cortisol Insulin Growth hormone Glucagon

Growth hormone

Select the hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland that increases the concentration of blood sugar. Insulin Epinephrine Cortisol Glucagon Growth hormone

Growth hormone

Cortisol enables the body to deal with stress by: Blocking the release of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex Decreasing heart rate and blood pressure Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels Causing inflammation Stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroxine

Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels

Cortisol enables the body to deal with stress by: Causing inflammation Stimulating the thyroid gland to release thyroxine Decreasing heart rate and blood pressure Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels Blocking the release of epinephrine from the adrenal cortex

Increasing blood glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid levels

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? Glucagon Somatostatin Pancreatic polypeptide Insulin Pancreatic lipase

Insulin

Which hormone is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas? Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreatic lipase Somatostatin Insulin Glucagon

Insulin

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted in response to stress? Aldosterone ADH Insulin Epinephrine Cortisol

Insulin

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted in response to stress? Cortisol ADH Aldosterone Epinephrine Insulin

Insulin

The hypophyseal portal system: -Is composed of neurons connecting the hypothalamus and posterior pituitary gland -Is blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary -Carries tropic hormones from the anterior pituitary to the hypothalamus for storage -Carries oxytocin and ADH to the anterior pituitary gland

Is blood vessels connecting the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Which of the following statements INCORRECTLY describes aldosterone: It enhances K+ excretion in the kidney tubules Its secretion can be triggered by the renin-angiotensin system It promotes sodium retention It is produced by the anterior pituitary It targets kidney tubules

It is produced by the anterior pituitary

Epinephrine is released from the adrenal medulla in response to: Hormonal stimuli Humoral stimuli Neural stimuli

Neural stimuli

Which is not a tropic hormone? Follicle-stimulating hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Prolactin

Prolactin

Insulin: -Is not produced in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus -Is released in response to low blood glucose levels -Promotes the insertion of glucose transporters into the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells -All choices are correct -Is required to facilitate the uptake of glucose by the brain

Promotes the insertion of glucose transporters into the plasma membranes of insulin-dependent cells

What is the function of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal gland? Regulate glucose levels in the blood Act as secondary sex hormones Stimulate metabolism of proteins Stimulate metabolism of lipids Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids

Regulate electrolyte concentration in body fluids

Tropic hormones: Regulate hormones secreted by other endocrine glands Include parathyroid hormone and glucagon Are produced by the posterior pituitary None of the choices are correct

Regulate hormones secreted by other endocrine glands

Regulating hormones produced by the hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland. True False

True

The pancreas has both endocrine and exocrine functions. False True

True

The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. False True

True

The posterior pituitary does not produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus. True False

True

To be a target cell for a particular hormone, the cell must have a specific receptor for that hormone. False True

True

Which of the following are not matched correctly Polyphagia - excessive hunger Type I diabetes mellitus - usually autoimmune Polydipsia - excessive thirst Polyuria - increased urine output Type 2 diabetes mellitus - destruction of Beta cells

Type 2 diabetes mellitus - destruction of Beta cells

The term down-regulation refers to the process by which -a glandular cell decreases the amount of hormone it secretes. -a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone. -a carrier protein increases the rate of degradation for a hormone and thereby decreases its blood concentration. -a large amount of hormone shuts down all metabolic activity in a target cell. -a carrier protein decreases the rate of degradation of the protein it ferries.

a cell decreases the number of receptors it has for a hormone.

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by antidiuretic hormone. adrenocorticotropic hormone. thyroid hormone. luteinizing hormone. oxytocin.

adrenocorticotropic hormone.

The release of hormones from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by oxytocin. thyroid hormone. antidiuretic hormone. luteinizing hormone. adrenocorticotropic hormone.

adrenocorticotropic hormone.

Renin converts angiotensin II to angiotensin I. antiotensin I to antiotensin II. angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. antidiuretic hormone to angiotensinogen. antidiuretic hormone to angiotensin.

angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

What is another term for adenohypophysis? ​hypothalamus posterior pituitary hypophysis ​neurohypophysis anterior pituitary

anterior pituitary

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive. are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary. are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus.

are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive.

In response to excessive amounts of a hormone, a target cell may reduce its number of receptors for that hormone. This is an example of increasing specificity to a hormone. up-regulation. increasing sensitivity to a hormone. down-regulation.

down-regulation.

What nutrient is the major energy source during the absorptive state?​ ​glucose ​B vitamins ​amino acids ​fatty acids ​electrolytes

glucose

Insulin causes a(n) _______ in glycogenesis in the liver and a(n) _______ in lipogenesis in adipose. decrease, increase increase, increase decrease, decrease increase, decrease

increase, increase

Calcitonin is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys. inhibits osteoclast activity. stimulates bone resorption (breakdown). increases blood calcium.

inhibits osteoclast activity

Calcitonin inhibits osteoclast activity. increases blood calcium. is synthesized by the skin, liver, and kidneys. stimulates bone resorption (breakdown).

inhibits osteoclast activity.

Type II Diabetes Mellitus: is usually autoimmune is associated with destruction of beta cells is associated with destruction of alpha cells is due to the reduced sensitivity of target cells to the presence of normal or increased insulin

is due to the reduced sensitivity of target cells to the presence of normal or increased insulin

Type II Diabetes Mellitus: is usually autoimmune is associated with destruction of beta cells is due to the reduced sensitivity of target cells to the presence of normal or increased insulin is associated with destruction of alpha cells

is due to the reduced sensitivity of target cells to the presence of normal or increased insulin

Aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide have ________ effects on blood pressure. similar opposite

opposite

The two hormones released from the posterior pituitary are oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone. prolactin and growth hormone. follicle-stimulating hormone and leutenizing hormone. thyrotropin-releasing hormone and corticotropin-releasing hormone. prolactin and vasopressin.

oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone.

What is another term for the neurohypophysis? posterior pituitary adenohypophysis anterior pituitary ​hypophysis hypothalamus

posterior pituitary

The primary function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is to stimulate the development of the folds on the surface of the brain. regulate salt and water balance by acting on the renal system. stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands. stimulate cell growth and cell division in muscle and bone. stimulate adrenaline release from the adrenal medulla.

stimulate glucocorticoid release from the adrenal glands.

Glucagon works by -activating second messengers and stimulating glycogenesis. -binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenesis. -stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. -binding to hormone response elements on DNA and stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.

​What gland coordinates the multifaceted stress response? ​hypothalamus ​adrenals ​pituitary ​pineal ​thalamus

​hypothalamus