Psychology 101 Emotion

Theories of Emotion

cognition does not always precede emotion

Six Basic Universal Emotional Expressions

fear, surprise, happiness, anger, disgust, and sadness (later guilt, shame, pride, and jealousy develop)

Are emotions communicative?

- first impressions happen fast - people smile much more when doing an activity with someone else rather than doing it alone (walking, hockey fans, bowling strikes)

Schachter and Singer's Experiment

1. everyone injected with epinephrine, which triggers feelings of arousal 2. told to expect effects of drugs or not 3. confederate acting either euphoric or irritated 4. participants emotions (either become euphoric or irritated)

Controversies

Does physiological arousal precede or follow emotional experience? Does cognition always precede emotion?

Emotions

a mix of physiological arousal, expressive behavior, and consciously experienced thoughts

Convergent thinking

a single correct answer

How to boost creative process

become an expert, allow time for incubation, set aside roaming time, explore the wold

Bilingual Advantage

bilingual people are skilled at inhibiting one language while using the other, and thanks to their well practiced "executive control" over language, they also are *better at inhibiting their attention to irrelevant information*

Lie Detection

blink less and people leave out pronouns - polygraphs not good at this

Kinesics

body language, facial expression

Cultural Display Rules

culture set rules for eye contact, personal space in conversation, men vs. women

Proxemics

distance, eye contact

Adaptive value

expressions have this because they control the behavior of others

Emblem

gesture that's "universal", but only in one culture

Verbal communication, nonverbal communication, paralinguistic

how do we express/communicate emotion

Divergent thinking

multiple ways of thinking about things (a problem)

Detecting emotions

people are quickest at detecting an angry face in a group than a happy face - people were *faster and more accurate at decoding angry expressions on males face* and *detecting happy expressions on female faces*

Eye contact and liking

people who look the person in the eyes had more affection/emotion toward those people

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

physical facial emotional displays (smiling) lead to emotion being felt - people with pen between teeth (smile) reports being happier

Is there a positive or negative correlations between intelligence scores and brain size?

positive - Bach brain's with deep fissures - Einstein's brain heavy

Genuine vs. Fake Smile

real smile has crinkle around the eyes, fades slower, both elicit happy feelings

Paralinguistics

speech signal - tone pitch volume

Behavior Feedback Effect

tendency of behavior to influence our own and others' thoughts, feelings, and actions

Nonverbal emotion

the meaning of certain patterns is understood by all members of the species

Cannon-Bard Theory

the theory that an emotion stimulus *simultaneously* triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotions

James-Lange theory

the theory that our *experience of emotion is our awareness/noticing/realizing of our physiological response to emotion-arousing stimuli* - we feel sorry bc we cry, angry bc we strike, afraid bc we tremble - notice racing hear or shaking then feel fear

Two-factor (Schachter-Singer) Theory

the theory that to experience emotions one must be *physically* aroused *and cognitively label* the arousal

Gait

the way someone walks; provides information about a person's personality - inmate pick their victims