Chapter 17: Footings, Foundations, and Concrete

Footing should be excavated at least (blank) into undisturbed earth and minimum of 6" below the average maximum frost penetration depth.

6"

Where part of the footings bear on rock, remove approximately (blank) of the rock and replace with compacted sand to equalize settling.

6"

The finished floor of the house should be a minimum of (blank) above the grade

8"

Supports a portion of the load of the building.

Bearing wall

To support a 4" masonry wall above an opening, the smallest piece of steel angle that can be used for a 10'-6" span is: A. 3-1/2" x 3-1/2" x 5/16" B. 4" x 4" x 5/16" C. 4" x 4" x 3/8" D. 6" x 4" x 3/8"

C. 4" x 4" x 3/8"

The distance from the top of the basement floor to the bottom of the floor joists above should be no less than: A. 5' B. 6' C. 7' D. 8'

C. 7'

All weather wood foundation

AWWF

A horizontal structural element that supports the load over openings such as windows or doors.

Lintel

A foundation used in a crawl space where the distance is too large for a single span.

Pier Foundation

Formerly called an I-beam.

S-beam

A (blank) wide flange beam (less than 16" deep) is the most economical (lightest) for supporting a uniform load 55 kips (55,000 lbs) that spans 14'.

10 x 8

Sidewalks, driveways, footings, and basement floors require one part cement, (blank) parts sand, and five parts aggregate.

3

Lintels should extend at least (blank) into a masonry wall on either side of an opening.

4"

Batter boards are placed approximately (blank) outside the footing line.

4'

Backfilling for a wood foundation should be started: A. before the floor joists or trusses are installed B. before the polyethylene film is applied C. after the basement floor has cured and the first floor is installed D. all of the above

C. after the basement floor has cured and the first floor is installed

Contains lime, silica, alumina, iron components, and gypsum

Cement

Excavation in (blank) permits a steep slope.

Clay

Used to cut grooves in freshly placed concrete

Jointing tool

Beams may be made of either metal or

Wood

To lay out square corners, the (blank) units method can be used.

9-12-15

When staking out a house location, s surveyor's transit must be used for measuring angles other than

90 degrees

Concrete slabs are normally placed on a base of compacted sand thick. A. 4" to 6" B. 5" to 7" C. 6" to 8" D. 9" to 10"

A. 4" to 6"

The actual size of a typical "concrete block" (hollow concrete masonry unit) is: A. 7-5/8" x 7-5/8" x 15-5/8" B. 8" x 8" x 16" C. 8-5/8" x 8-5/8" x 16-5/8" D. 9" x 9" x 18"

A. 7-5/8" x 7-5/8" x 15-5/8"

The floor joists or trusses of a wood foundation are placed on the: A. double top plate of the foundation wall B. inside of the foundation wall C. basement floor slab D. none of the above

A. double top plate of the foundation

Basement load bearing crosswalls should be attached to exterior walls by: A. metal tie bars B. a masonry bond C. anchor bolt D. all of the above

A. metal tie bars

The ability of a concrete or masonry basement wall to resist earth pressure is determined by: A. support from crosswalls B. the size of the floor joists C. the live load of the structure D. all of the above

A. support from crosswalls

When using a wood foundation for a basement, . A. the site is excavated B. a basement sump is installed in poorly drained C. no foundation drainage is necessary D. all of the above

B. a basement sump is installed in poorly drained

For a wood foundation, the trench excavated for a structure with a crawl space should be deep. A. less than 10" B. at least 12" C. 9" D. 6"

B. at least 12"

If a wood sill bears on the outer and inner face shells of a block foundation wall: A. cap the top course of block using 4" solid block B. capping may be omitted C. cores in the top course are filled with concrete or mortar D. the top course may be capped with reinforced concrete masonry bond beam

B. capping may be omitted

The location of the foundation is kept during excavation and construction by the use of:

Batter boards

To obtain the minimum footing depth for any given area, check the local:

Building Codes

Damp-proofing concrete block basement walls should be done by: A.painting the outside of the blocks with oil base paint B. applying a 1/4" thick coats of fire clay C. applying two 1/4" thick coats of cement-mortar or plaster, then a coat of hot tar or similar waterproofing material D. all of the above

C. applying two 1/4" thick coats of cement-mortar or plaster, then a coat of hot tar or similar waterproofing material

A wood foundation is particularly suitable in: A. a garage where the distance is too great to span with floor joists B. areas where the sea level is high C. warmer climates where freezing of the ground is infrequent D. none of the above

C. warmer climates where freezing of the ground is ingrequent

(Blank) measurements check the position of the corners for accuracy (squareness).

Diagonal measurements

Only when soil tests prove that the earth is adequately compacted to sustain a building should (blank) placed in filled or regraded soils.

Footings

Provides the dimensions to be used when staking out the location of the house on the lot.

Plot plan

To ensure that each stake of the batter boards is placed accurately, a (blank) is used.

Plumb bob

The material normally used for the footing of residential structures is:

Poured Concrete

Excavate a gentle back slope in (blank) soil

Sandy

Prevents movement of string along batter board.

Saw kerf

Used to smooth a concrete surface

Screed

Sometimes called a thickened-edge slab.

Slab Foundation

Permanent wood foundation

PWF

A foot long board with handle attached to one of the flat sides.

Float

The name of this foundation comes from its shape.

T-Foundation

Vibrating or (blank) poured concrete results in more dense product and dislodges weak spots caused by air pockets.

Tamping

The distance used to locate the corners of a house are taken from the

plot plan

Equals 1,000 pounds

Kip

The footing for a fireplace should be

12"

Thin coat of plaster applied over foundation wall for damping-proofing.

Parge Coat

Stone or gravel

Aggregate

The (blank) flange on a steel post is larger.

Bottom

The combination of cement, sand aggregate and water.

Concrete

Used in large areas of concrete to control cracking

Contraction joint

The corner having the highest elevation is normally selected for the (blank) point.

Control point

When ordering concrete, allow cubic feet to the yard. A. 24 B. 25 C. 26 D. 27

D. 27

A float is used in finishing concrete to: A. embed the large aggregate just beneath the surface B. remove any slight imperfections, lumps and voids to produce a flat surface C. consolidate mortar at the surface in preparation for final steel-troweling D. all of the above

D. all of the above

Nails used in wood foundation should be made of: A. hot-dipped zinc-coasted steel B. copper C. basement floor slab D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The post used in foundations are commonly made of: A. masonry B. steel C. pressure-treated wood D. all of the above

D. all of the above

To eliminate water damage to basements in wet or poorly drained soils: A. install a check valve in floor drain to keep water from flowing in through the drain B. reinforce the floor slab to resist uplift from groundwater pressure C. install a sump pump to take away any water that seeps in D. all of the above

D. all of the above

A concrete finishing tool used in a circular motion to further harden the surface and develop a very smooth finished.

Trowel