Chapter 17

When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect

- drop in oxygen levels. -the release of erythropoietin. -a rise in hematocrit.

The average lifespan of a red blood cell is

4 months.

Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?

45 %

The total volume of blood in the body of an adult male is approximately ________ liters.

5 to 6

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood, and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.

55; 92

Why can't a person with type A blood safely receive blood from a person with type B blood? (Module 17.7D)

A person with type A blood will have anti-B antibodies that will agglutinate with type B blood.

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

Anemia

Define hematocrit. (Module 17.2B)

Hematocrit is the percentage of whole blood volume contributed by formed elements.

What is hematology? (Module 17.4A)

Hematology is the study of blood, blood-producing organs, and blood disorders.

Describe hemoglobin. (Module 17.5B)

Hemoglobin is a protein inside RBCs that binds oxygen.

________ transport(s) oxygen and CO2 in the RBCs.

Hemoglobin molecules

Define hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). (Module 17.8A)

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a condition in which maternal Rh antibodies attack and destroy fetal Rh-positive red blood cells, resulting in anemia.

Define hemostasis. (Module 17.10A)

Hemostasis is the process of stopping bleeding.

How does a treatment with anti-Rh antibodies (RhoGAM) prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)?

It destroys fetal RBCs that enter the maternal circulation.

What is the most common blood type in the United States? (Module 17.7B)

O+

Type O+ blood cannot be given to a type __________ recipient.

O-

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of mature erythrocytes.

RBC count

Describe the functional aspects of RBCs. (Module 17.5A)

RBCs have a large surface area — to — volume ratio,exhibit the ability to form stacks, and they are flexible.

The most common form of hemolytic disease of the newborn happens after a __________ woman has carried a __________ fetus.

Rh-, Rh+

Why is RhoGAM administered to pregnant Rh women ? (Module 17.8B)

RhoGAM contains anti-Rh antibodies, which circulate in the mothers' bloodstream to destroy any fetal RBCs there, thereby preventing the mother from making antibodies against the developing fetus's red blood cells.

Which is true regarding heme?

The binding of an oxygen molecule to the iron in a heme unit is completely reversible.

Which blood type(s) can be safely transfused into a person with type O- blood? (Module 17.7C)

They can receive only O- blood.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

Which of the following is false concerning monocytes?

about same size as basophils

Which of these descriptions best matches the term platelets?

adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

After donating 0.5 liter of blood, one would expect

an increased reticulocyte count.

Which condition would a patient have if she had a depressed hematocrit level? (Module 17.4C)

anemia

Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?

antibodies

A person with Type A blood has

antigen A on the RBCs and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.

What is determined by the surface antigens on RBCs? (Module 17.7A)

blood type

Hematology can detect all of the following except

body temperature.

Erythropoiesis is stimulated when

both oxygen levels in the blood decrease and blood flow to the kidney declines.

The function of hemoglobin is to

carry oxygen

The function of red blood cells is to

carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells

Platelets are

cytoplasmic fragments of large cells.

Which of these descriptions best matches the term lymphocytes?

defend against specific pathogens or toxins

Platelets function in all of the following except

dissolving a formed clot.

Which of the following are the most abundant of the formed elements?

erythrocytes

The process of red blood cell production is called

erythropoiesis.

Red cell production is stimulated by a kidney-derived hormone called

erythropoietin (EPO).

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone ________ which is mostly produced in the ________.

erythropoietin; kidneys

Which of the following plasma proteins function in clotting?

fibrinogen

Which of the following is NOT one of the three phases of hemostasis?

fibrinous

A hematocrit provides information on

formed elements abundance

Identify the components of the cardiovascular system. (Module 17.1A)

heart, blood, and blood vessels

The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from all of the following except

hematuria.

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is

hemoglobin.

All of the following blood diseases are caused by pathogens except

hemophilia.

A typical adult hematocrit is

higher in males than females.

Which of the following is not true of basophils?

increased production during parasitic infections

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by

injections of vitamin B12.

Plasma is closest in ionic composition to

interstitial fluid.

Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in all of the following places except the

kidney.

RBCs typically live about 120 days. The main reason for this short lifespan in RBCs is their

lack of nucleus.

All of the following are heritable blood disorders except

malaria.

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called

megakaryocytes.

Identify the two types of leukemia. (Module 17.11B)

myeloid leukemia and lymphoid leukemia

A cancer involving neutrophils, eosinophils, or basophils is called a

myeloid leukemia.

Which type of white blood cell would you find in the greatest numbers in an infected cut? (Module 17.9C)

neutrophil

Identify the five types of white blood cells. (Module 17.9A)

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes

During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of

neutrophils.

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the

neutrophils.

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term eosinophils?

often elevated in allergic individuals

Which blood disorder involves a deficiency of Vitamin B12?

pernicious anemia

Which of the following is not a component of plasma?

platelets

An elevated hematocrit value is termed

polycythemia

Which of the following is not a function of blood?

produce hormones

Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is

recycled to red bone marrow.

In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in

red bone marrow.

In adults, the only site of red blood cell production and the primary site of white blood cell formation is

red bone marrow.

When blood is fractionated, its components are ________ for the purpose of analysis.

separated

The normal pH of blood is

slightly alkaline.

People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because

their blood lacks A or B antibodies.

Which blood type contains RBCs with surface antigen B only and plasma that contains only anti-A antibodies?

type B

Which blood type consists of plasma containing both anti-A and anti-B antibodies?

type O

Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood except

viscosity about the same as water.

The most abundant component of plasma is

water