chapter 17

Catherine the Great of Russia enjoyed the international support of

French philosophes.

Who wrote the influential Historical and Critical Dictionary (1697)?

Pierre Bayle

What was one of the great achievements of the Enlightenment?

Publishing the Encyclopedia

What helped to justify the growth of slavery in the eighteenth century?

The common philosophical belief that the masses were like children in need of firm guidance

What was the core concept of the Enlightenment?

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life.

Joseph II's conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments

was opposed by both nobles and peasants.

Galileo was placed on trial for heresy owing to publication of

Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World.

In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?

He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for in government.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that

without rational thought, human society would crumble

Who was Denis Diderot's co-editor of the Encyclopedia?

Jean le Rond d'Alembert