Chapter 17 LearnSmart: Endocrine System

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?

-Hormonal -Humoral -Neural

If a female baby is born with androgenital syndrome, she will exhibit which of the following symptoms?

-Increasde ACTH -Enlarged clitoris

Increased cortisol levels in the body will result in which of the following?

-Increased blood sugar levels -Decreased glucose uptake by most cells of the body -Increased blood fatty acid levels

Which hormones does the structure at A store?

-Oxytocin -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Which of the following hormones are made in the hypothalamus?

-Oxytocin -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Which two hypothalamic nuclei are associated with the posterior pituitary gland?

-Paraventricular -Supraoptic

Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?

-Pituitary gland -Thyroid gland -Adrenal gland

Which are actions by which the hypothalamus directly regulates endocrine activity?

-Producing regulatory molecules that either stimulate or inhibit the anterior pituitary gland -Producing two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary gland

Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?

-Prostaglandins -Thromboxanes -Leukotrienes

Which of the following are types of regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus?

-Releasing -Inhibiting

Which is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system?

-Sex hormone levels -Muscle mass -GH levels

Match each type of diabetes mellitus with its description.

-Type 1: Insulin dependent -Type 2: Insulin independent -Gestational: Associated with pregnancy

Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?

-Weight gain -Feeling cold -Sluggishness

Place the events of the picture in order:

1. Hypothalamus releases CRH 2. Anterior pituitary releases ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol

Place the stages of the Stress Response in chronological order:

1. The alarm reaction 2. The stage of resistance 3. The stage of exhaustion

How many of the 7 anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones?

5

Identify the hormone in the figure.

A: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B: Growth hormone (GH) C: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

Identify the hormones produced by each region of the adrenal cortex.

A: Mineralocorticoids B: Glucocorticoids C: Gonatocorticoids

Identify the endocrine organs on the diagram.

A: Pituitary gland B: Thyroid gland C: Adrenal gland D: Pancreas

Identify the hormone represented by each letter.

A: TSH B: PRL C: FSH/LH D: ACTH E: GH

Match the letter on the left with the layer of the adrenal cortex on the right.

A: Zona glomerulosa B: Zona fasciculata C: Zona reticularis

President John F. Kennedy is perhaps the most celebrated person who had ___ disease.

Addison

Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?

Addrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

What hormone produced in the adrenal cortex increases blood sugar levels?

Cortisol

___ syndrome is characterized by obesity, especially in the face called "moon face" and back called "buffalo bump".

Crushing

___ glands are ductless organs that secrete their products directly into the bloodstream.

Endocrine

Which of the following hormones influence both the male and female reproductive systems by regulating the hormones produced in the gonads and the maturation of gametes?

FSH and LH

T/F: An excess of growth hormone can result in pituitary dwarfism and extraordinary height of up to 8 feet.

False

T/F: Lipid-coluble hormones are easily dissolved and travel freely in the blood.

False

T/F: The posterior pituitary gland produces the hormones oxytocin and ADH.

False

When the hypothalmus releases ___, the anterior pituitary then releases growth hormone.

GHRH

As the body attempts to resist stress and repair injured or damaged tissues, it releases increased levels of which corticosteroids?

Glucocorticoids

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ___.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

If a woman has an overactive zona reticularis, she will experience which of the following?

Masculinization

What is the name of the structure at A?

Pars intermedia

In males, ___ may influence the production of androgens.

Prolactin (PRL)

Match each term with its definition.

Synergistic: Two hormones work together Permissive: One hormone allows another to function Antagonistic: Two hormones work in opposite of one another

Goiters can result even though the pituitary releases more ___ because the lack of ___ prevents the thyroid from producing the needed TH.

TSH; iodine

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called:

Thyrotropin

T/F: Goiters often need to be surgically removed since iodine restoration won't result in their decrease.

True

An excess of growth hormone in an adult results in a condition known as ___.

acromegaly

The paired triangular ___ glands are found atop the superior surface of each kidney.

adrenal

The ___ pituary gland is the part of the pituary gland that both produces and secretes hormones.

anterior

The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the ___ pituitary.

anterior

In the figure, the letter A indicates the ___ and the letter B indicates the ___.

anterior pituitary gland; posterior pituitary gland

Androgenital syndrome is caused by an inability to produce the hormones called ___.

corticosteroids

The adrenal cortex synthesizes over 25 hormones collectively referred to as ___.

corticosteroids

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ___.

corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Chronic inflammation is often treated with the glucocorticoid called ___.

cortisol

The most common glucocorticoids are ___ and corticosterone.

cortisol

The pineal gland is a small, cone-shaped structure attached to the posterior portion of the ___.

epithalamus

The ovaries produce the female sex hormones ___ and ___.

estrogen; progesterone

The zona fasciculata synthesizes a group of hormones called ___.

glucocorticoids

The individual in the figure has a ___.

goiter

Pituitary dwarfism exists at birth and is due to inadequate ___ hormone production.

growth

Somatropin is another name for ___ hormone.

growth

The type of endocrine stimulation shown in picture B is ___ stimulation.

humoral

The capillaries shown in the figure are part of the ___.

hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system

Sometimes calles the "Master control gland", the ___ oversees most of the endocrine activity in the body.

hypothalamus

The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ___.

hypothalamus

The posterior pituitary gland releases hormones when stimulated by the ___.

hypothalamus

The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH in response to a stimulus from the region of the brain called the ___.

hypothalamus

The condition known as ___ results from an underproduction of thyroid hormone.

hypothyroidism

The thymus is relatively large in:

infants

The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by a thin stalk called the ___.

infundibulum

Goiters result from an ___ amount of dietary ___ needed to produce TH.

insufficient; iodine

The adrenal ___ forms the inner core of each adrenal gland.

medulla

The part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of a sympathetic nervous system response to an emergency is the adrenal ___.

medulla

MSH stands for ______ stimulating hormone

melanocyte

The zona glomerulosa synthesizes a group of hormones collectively called ___.

mineralocorticoids

The neurons in the hypothalmus that extend to the posterior pituitary gland are called ___ cells because they secrete hormones.

neurosecretory

Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target cells neighboring those from which they were released, this is an example of ___ stimulation.

paracrine

The ___ glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

parathyroid

The ___ gland, also known as the hypophysis, lies inferior to the hypothalamus.

pituitary

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by way of the hypothalmo-hypophyseal ___ system.

portal

Aging ___ the efficiency of endocrine system funcitons.

reduces

Aldosterone stimulates Na+ ___ and K+ ___.

retention; secretion

The innermost region of the adrenal cortex is called the zona ___.

reticularis

GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels ___.

rise

Which hormone (GH) stimulates cell growth, targeting primarily the ___ and ___ systems.

skeletal; muscular

Letter A represents the ___ glands and letter B represents the ___ gland.

thyroid; parathyroid

The posterior pituitary glan releases ___ hormones.

two