Chapter 17 LearnSmart: Endocrine System
Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli?
-Hormonal -Humoral -Neural
If a female baby is born with androgenital syndrome, she will exhibit which of the following symptoms?
-Increasde ACTH -Enlarged clitoris
Increased cortisol levels in the body will result in which of the following?
-Increased blood sugar levels -Decreased glucose uptake by most cells of the body -Increased blood fatty acid levels
Which hormones does the structure at A store?
-Oxytocin -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Which of the following hormones are made in the hypothalamus?
-Oxytocin -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
Which two hypothalamic nuclei are associated with the posterior pituitary gland?
-Paraventricular -Supraoptic
Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body?
-Pituitary gland -Thyroid gland -Adrenal gland
Which are actions by which the hypothalamus directly regulates endocrine activity?
-Producing regulatory molecules that either stimulate or inhibit the anterior pituitary gland -Producing two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary gland
Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids?
-Prostaglandins -Thromboxanes -Leukotrienes
Which of the following are types of regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus?
-Releasing -Inhibiting
Which is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system?
-Sex hormone levels -Muscle mass -GH levels
Match each type of diabetes mellitus with its description.
-Type 1: Insulin dependent -Type 2: Insulin independent -Gestational: Associated with pregnancy
Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism?
-Weight gain -Feeling cold -Sluggishness
Place the events of the picture in order:
1. Hypothalamus releases CRH 2. Anterior pituitary releases ACTH 3. Adrenal cortex releases cortisol
Place the stages of the Stress Response in chronological order:
1. The alarm reaction 2. The stage of resistance 3. The stage of exhaustion
How many of the 7 anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones?
5
Identify the hormone in the figure.
A: Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) B: Growth hormone (GH) C: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)
Identify the hormones produced by each region of the adrenal cortex.
A: Mineralocorticoids B: Glucocorticoids C: Gonatocorticoids
Identify the endocrine organs on the diagram.
A: Pituitary gland B: Thyroid gland C: Adrenal gland D: Pancreas
Identify the hormone represented by each letter.
A: TSH B: PRL C: FSH/LH D: ACTH E: GH
Match the letter on the left with the layer of the adrenal cortex on the right.
A: Zona glomerulosa B: Zona fasciculata C: Zona reticularis
President John F. Kennedy is perhaps the most celebrated person who had ___ disease.
Addison
Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex?
Addrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
What hormone produced in the adrenal cortex increases blood sugar levels?
Cortisol
___ syndrome is characterized by obesity, especially in the face called "moon face" and back called "buffalo bump".
Crushing
___ glands are ductless organs that secrete their products directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine
Which of the following hormones influence both the male and female reproductive systems by regulating the hormones produced in the gonads and the maturation of gametes?
FSH and LH
T/F: An excess of growth hormone can result in pituitary dwarfism and extraordinary height of up to 8 feet.
False
T/F: Lipid-coluble hormones are easily dissolved and travel freely in the blood.
False
T/F: The posterior pituitary gland produces the hormones oxytocin and ADH.
False
When the hypothalmus releases ___, the anterior pituitary then releases growth hormone.
GHRH
As the body attempts to resist stress and repair injured or damaged tissues, it releases increased levels of which corticosteroids?
Glucocorticoids
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ___.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
If a woman has an overactive zona reticularis, she will experience which of the following?
Masculinization
What is the name of the structure at A?
Pars intermedia
In males, ___ may influence the production of androgens.
Prolactin (PRL)
Match each term with its definition.
Synergistic: Two hormones work together Permissive: One hormone allows another to function Antagonistic: Two hormones work in opposite of one another
Goiters can result even though the pituitary releases more ___ because the lack of ___ prevents the thyroid from producing the needed TH.
TSH; iodine
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is also called:
Thyrotropin
T/F: Goiters often need to be surgically removed since iodine restoration won't result in their decrease.
True
An excess of growth hormone in an adult results in a condition known as ___.
acromegaly
The paired triangular ___ glands are found atop the superior surface of each kidney.
adrenal
The ___ pituary gland is the part of the pituary gland that both produces and secretes hormones.
anterior
The bulk of the pituitary gland is composed of the ___ pituitary.
anterior
In the figure, the letter A indicates the ___ and the letter B indicates the ___.
anterior pituitary gland; posterior pituitary gland
Androgenital syndrome is caused by an inability to produce the hormones called ___.
corticosteroids
The adrenal cortex synthesizes over 25 hormones collectively referred to as ___.
corticosteroids
A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ___.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Chronic inflammation is often treated with the glucocorticoid called ___.
cortisol
The most common glucocorticoids are ___ and corticosterone.
cortisol
The pineal gland is a small, cone-shaped structure attached to the posterior portion of the ___.
epithalamus
The ovaries produce the female sex hormones ___ and ___.
estrogen; progesterone
The zona fasciculata synthesizes a group of hormones called ___.
glucocorticoids
The individual in the figure has a ___.
goiter
Pituitary dwarfism exists at birth and is due to inadequate ___ hormone production.
growth
Somatropin is another name for ___ hormone.
growth
The type of endocrine stimulation shown in picture B is ___ stimulation.
humoral
The capillaries shown in the figure are part of the ___.
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
Sometimes calles the "Master control gland", the ___ oversees most of the endocrine activity in the body.
hypothalamus
The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ___.
hypothalamus
The posterior pituitary gland releases hormones when stimulated by the ___.
hypothalamus
The posterior pituitary gland releases oxytocin and ADH in response to a stimulus from the region of the brain called the ___.
hypothalamus
The condition known as ___ results from an underproduction of thyroid hormone.
hypothyroidism
The thymus is relatively large in:
infants
The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by a thin stalk called the ___.
infundibulum
Goiters result from an ___ amount of dietary ___ needed to produce TH.
insufficient; iodine
The adrenal ___ forms the inner core of each adrenal gland.
medulla
The part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of a sympathetic nervous system response to an emergency is the adrenal ___.
medulla
MSH stands for ______ stimulating hormone
melanocyte
The zona glomerulosa synthesizes a group of hormones collectively called ___.
mineralocorticoids
The neurons in the hypothalmus that extend to the posterior pituitary gland are called ___ cells because they secrete hormones.
neurosecretory
Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target cells neighboring those from which they were released, this is an example of ___ stimulation.
paracrine
The ___ glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
parathyroid
The ___ gland, also known as the hypophysis, lies inferior to the hypothalamus.
pituitary
The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by way of the hypothalmo-hypophyseal ___ system.
portal
Aging ___ the efficiency of endocrine system funcitons.
reduces
Aldosterone stimulates Na+ ___ and K+ ___.
retention; secretion
The innermost region of the adrenal cortex is called the zona ___.
reticularis
GH stimulates liver cells to increase gluconeogenesis; as a result, blood sugar levels ___.
rise
Which hormone (GH) stimulates cell growth, targeting primarily the ___ and ___ systems.
skeletal; muscular
Letter A represents the ___ glands and letter B represents the ___ gland.
thyroid; parathyroid
The posterior pituitary glan releases ___ hormones.
two
