Chapter 17. Protists

Dinoflagellate

Member of a group of unicellular, photosynthetic algae with cell walls made of cellulose and having two flagella.

Plasmodial slime mold

Member of group of fungus-like protists that grows in a branching pattern.

Foram

Member of group of marine protozoans with porous shells made of organic material and calcium carbonate.

Euglenoid

Member of group of unicellular photosynthetic protists with one of two flagella and no cell wall.

Phytoplankton

Microscopic algae and cyanobacteria that carry out photosynthesis.

Zooplankton

Microscopic animals that swim or drift near the surface of aquatic environments.

Plankton

Mostly microscopic organisms that drift or swim near the surface of ponds, lakes, and oceans.

What are the characteristics of slime molds?

Under certain conditions, the slime mold exists as masses of cytoplasm, similar to amoebae. It moves over rotting logs or leaves and feeds by phagocytosis. The amoeba stage is called the plasmodium, which has many nuclei.

Seaweed

A large, multi-cellular marine algae.

How do amoebas use pseudopodia?

Amoebas use pseudopdia to move and feed. Amoebas move in the direction that the pseudopdia grows and the pseudopdia surrounds the pray, engulfing them into food vacuole for the amoebas to eat.

What is the life cycle of protists that cannot move?

An example is the life cycle of malaria. 1. The infected mosquito bites and infects a human with plasmodium 2. Plasmodium infects the human liver cells, causing them to burst, releasing different forms of protozoans 3. The plasmodium infects red blood cells and divide asexually. Those burst releasing more plasmodium 4. Another mosquito bites the infected person and picks up the plamodium cell. 5. Plamodium reproduces sexually in the mosquito.

What are the 3 types of nutritions?

Animal-like protist (protozoans)- Heterotrophs: ingest food Fungus- like protist- Heterotrophs: mostly feed on decaying matter Plant-like protist- Autotrophs: make their own food by photosynthesis

Protozoan

Animal-like protist; is a heterotroph

What are the characteristics of water molds?

Are unicellular organisms or have branching filaments that contain many nuclei. They reproduce sexually.

What is the structure and function of cilia?

Cilia are short, hair-like structures that usually present in large numbers. Some ciliates have rows of cilia while others have clusters. The function of the cilia is to allow ciliates to move and feed.

Zooflagellate

Member of a group of protozoans that move by means of one or more flagella.

Protists

Eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant, or a fungus.

Characteristics of red algae

Grows in warm, coastal waters. Most red algae are multi cellular and in their life cycle they do not have flagellated cells. They have to depend on water currents to bring them together.

Cilia

Hair-like projections which are used to move and feed

Flagella

Long, thin, whip-like cellular projections.

Plasmodium

Mass of cytoplasm, undivided by membranes or cell walls and containing many nuclei; characteristic of certain protists.

Ciliate

Member of a group of protozoans that move and feed by means of hairlike projections (cilia)

Diatom

Member of a group of unicellular algae with glass-like cell walls.

Alga

Plant-like protist; makes its own food by photosynthesis

Endosymbiosis

Process by which eukaryotic cells may have evolved from small symbiotic prokaryotes that lived within other, larger host cells.

Cellular slime mold

Protist with both unicellular and multi-cellular stages in its life cycle; is a decomposer.

What are characteristics that all protist have in common?

Protists are eukaryotes, which means their cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Most, but not all, protists are single-celled. Other than these features, they have very little in common. You can think about protists as all eukaryotic organisms that are neither animals, nor plants, nor fungi.

Sporangia

Reproductive structures of a plasmodial slime mold; also called fruiting bodies; spore-forming structures at the tips of fungal hyphae.

What is the life cycle of slime molds?

Slime molds begin life as amoeba-like cells. These unicellular amoebae are commonly haploid, and feed on bacteria. These amoebae can mate if they encounter the correct mating type and form zygotes that then grow into plasmodia.

What are the characteristics of downy mildew?

Some are parasites. Their eggs are spread by the wind.

Pseudopodium

Temporary extension of a cell's cytoplasm and plasma membrane; used by certain protozoans in movement and feeding.

What are the characteristics of dinoflagellates?

There are unicellular, mostly photosynthetic and has a cell wall and two flagella. They spin and are found in salt and fresh water.

What are the three types of seaweed?

There is brown algae, red algae, and green algae.

Characteristics of green algae

They are photsynthetic and include unicellular, colonial,and multicellular species. They are named for their green chloroplast. The largest type of green algae is seaweed. Most green algae live in fresh water.

What are the characteristics of euglenoids?

They are single celled and are photosynthetic. They have one or two flagella and lack cell walls. 2

Characteristics of brown algae

They are the biggest and most complex seaweed. Many brown algae grow on rocky shores and kelp is a kind of brown algae.

How are diatoms different from other protist?

They have glass live cell walls.