chapter 18-22

Sargent, an expatriate American artist living and working in London, developed a style of applying paint in layers in order to create a quick and lively illusion. He learned this technique after studying what work?

"Las Meninas"

Thomas Eakins portrayed things as he saw them and not as the public might want them portrayed in what art work?

"The gross clinic"

The Age of Enlightenment had its roots in what century?

17th century

In contrast to Catholic religious images Rembrandt's Return of the Prodigal Son can be said to portray

A painting of inward turning contemplation

Timothy O'Sullican documented what war?

American Civil war

The gallery ceiling in the Palazzo Farnese in Rome was arranged as framed easel paintings. Who was the artist?

Annibale Carracci

The creation of this allowed merchant firms to hold money on account instead of carrying precious metals as a form of payment for trade goods

Bank of Amsterdam

Caravaggio's Conversation of St. Paul presents the same dynamic emotion and dramatic religious fervor with the use of eloquent pictorial devices and stage lighting in much the same way as this work of art.

Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa

Jose de Ribera was most strongly influenced by the work of what artist?

Caravaggio

What artist most influenced the work of Artemisia Gentileschi?

Caravaggio

The first known northern European self-portrait by a woman is purportedly by what artist?

Caterina van Hemessen

The influences of Vitruvius, Palladio, and Inigo Jones are apparent in what work?

Chiswick House

What was characteristic of the 19th century agrarian working class and is missing from the Haywain by Constable?

Civil Unrest

Of the Romanticism artist listed this one painted in the United States?

Cole

This artists was most concerned with painting realistic scenes of poor and oppressed peoples?

Courbet

This work functions as an "altarpiece" for the new civic religion of inspiring the viewer with the martr's dedication to service.

Death of Marat

The great "Romantic diaglogue" about color and form was carried on in the famous contest between what 2 artist?

Delacroix and Ingres.

Who created Knight, Death and the Devil?

Durer

Inigo Jones created a clear and dignified design for the Banqueting House at Whitehall. He superimposed two orders by using columns in the center and pilasters near the ends. The balustrade roof line has an uninterrupted horizontal sweep that predates what other structure.

East facade, Lourve

Julia Margaret Cameron used a short focal length that allowed only a small area of sharp focus. What kind of effect would a lens like this produce?

Ethereal, dreamlike images.

Hans Holbein, a master portraitist, combines realism with monumental composition and sculpturesesque form. What traditions does this describe?

Flemish and Italian

This artists liked to paint images of Romantic Transcendental landscape?

Friedrich

In Rosa Bonheur's most famous work, the "Horse Fair", her use of dramatic lighting, loose brushwork, and rolling sky revealed her admiration for this artist.

Gericault

This symbol is not included in Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece.

God the Father

What type of painting elevated the sitter by conveying refinement and elegance while clearly individualizing the sitter?

Grand Manner Portraiture

This artist specialized in portraiture.

Hans Holbein

In Rembrandt's Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, he has clustered the participants on the left side and has placed Dr. Tulp on the right side with the diagonally placed foreshortened corpse disrupting the strict horizontal, planar orientation. This is a harp contrast to what traditions of group portraiture?

Having the subjects placed evenly across the canvas.

Velasquez was the court painter for Philip IV. He accompanied the eking to Fraga during the Aragonese campaign. While there he painted Phillip's portrait, it is known as the Fraga of Phillip. Due to the dynastic inbreeding in the Hapsburg line, Phillip inherited the Hapsburg jaw. How did Velasquez compensate for this "jaw" in the Fraga portrait?

He focused attention of the cloak and baldric worn by the king by making them shimmer.

How does Fra Andrea Pozzo create the illusion of Heaven opening above the heads of the congregation in the church of Sant'lgnazio?

He illusionistically continued the church's actual architecture into the vault so the roof seems to be lifting off.

What technique did Courbet use to convey the drudgery of manual labor in "stonebreakers"?

He used a palette of dirty browns and grays.

This artists represented what was called the "sublime" in eighteenth-century art?

Henry Fuseli

The French viewing public were greatly horrified b Manet's "Olympia not only because of the portrayal of a naked prostitute as a work of art but also due to what?

Her look of cool indifference and shamelessness.

What Renaissance churches influenced Maderno's design for Santa Su-sanna in Rome?

Il Gesu, Rome

Francis I by Jean Clouet presets a worldly prince in an elaborate costume of silk and brocade and wearing a gold chain with the medallion of the Order of St. Michael. What was the purpose of this portrait?

It was an attempt to glorify Francis I

This artists work best spoke for the French Revolution.

Jacques-Louis David

What 18th century philosophers stressed the importance of the natural goodness of human beings and was an important forerunner of the Romantic sensibility?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Vigee'Lebrun portrayed herself as as self-confident painter looking directly at the viewer (and pausing to return their glaze) this has been copied from an earlier artist. Who is that artist

Judith Leyster

What did Thomas Eakins Believe was a prerequisite for his art?

Knowledge

In El Greco's Burial of Count Orgaz, the artist has successfully merged his early and late styles. He combined elongated figures and rich color in this one work. What describes his early and late styles?

Late Byzantine and Venetian 16th Centry

In Durer's The Great Piece of Turf, he has created a precise and scientifically accurate rendering of a small botanical landscape. What other artist also heeded this notion of "observation yielded truth"?

Leonardo

The miniature portrait of Elizabeth I, shows an elegant formally attired young Elizabeth presented as a princess. Who is the artist who created this memorable portrait?

Levina Teerlinc

In Hunters in the Snow, the artist has captured the atmosphere of a cold winter's day. The landscape is snow covered and stark with the returning hunters wearily trudging home. It is reminiscent of earlier renditions of seasons. What other works also describe the seasons and might have been influential in the conception of this work?

Limbourg Brothers' Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry

In Allegory of Law and Grace, the artist has depicted the differences between the Roman Catholic Church and the followers of Martin Luther. The artist who created this woodcut was dubbed with the title, "painter of the Reformation." Who was this artist?

Lucas Cranach the Elder

What lands made up the territory known as the Netherlands in the 16th century?

Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium

Rubens has synthesized the styles of 3 Italian artist in his Elevation of the Cross. Who are the the artist?

Michelangelo, Tintoretto, and Caravaggio

The mood in "The Thankful Poor" by Tanner in one of quiet devotion, not far removed from the Realism what other artist?

Millit

Neoclassicism invoked classical references of patriotism and trust in unshakable authority serving imperial agendas. What leader embraced these aspects of Neoclassicism?

Napoleon

What architect was the most influential in Thomas Jefferson's re-design of Monticello?

Palladio and Robert Adam

What artist was mostly associated with the style known as classical Baroque?

Poussin

Poussin was fascinated by ancient Rom and Italian Renaissance cultures. In his Et in Arcadia Ego that fascination has been translated into a visual text illustrating rational order and classicism. This is reminiscent of what artist?

Raphael

Who was the artist who portrayed contemporaries participating in the great events of the latter half of the 18th century?

Reynolds

Which city has been generally credited with the birth of the Baroque style?

Rome

At the turn of the century, the French Academy was divided rather sharply between two doctrines. Which of the two taught that color was the most important element?

Rubenistes

Which of Bernini's works illustrates his mastery of perspective in architecture?

Scala Regia

In Judith Leyster's Self-Portrait she portrays herself as a confident, accomplished painter, seated in front of her easel working yet taking time to stop work and meet the viewer's eye. Unlike Rembrandt she does not portray herself in a painters smock. What would account for the lack of a smock?

She wanted to indicate her social prominence.

Wren synthesized the design elements from the Italians, French and Inigo Jones into a unified monumentality for what church?

St. Paul's London

Who studied with Eakins before moving to Paris?

Tanner

Muybridge used his device, the zoopraxiscope to project a series of images. Based on the motion studies he performed he proved that the brain holds an image for a second after the eye stops seeing it. An illusion of motion was created. What else was created as the result of the illusion of motion?

Th illusion of continuous change.

What influenced Paul V's decision to convert the central plan of Saint Peter's into a basilican plan through the addition of a nave?

That central plan building evoked pagan temples

The duke of Bavaria, Wilhem IV, engaged the invading Turks in a battle for supremacy. What works of art would be the most likely commission of Wilhelm IV?

The Battle of Issus

Fracious Rude's sculpture "La Marseillaise" for the Arc de Triomphe represents what moments in French history?

The Birth of individual freedoms in the country.

What does Gericault's "Raft" of the Medusa" represent?

The aftermath of the nineteenth- century French shipwreck and was considered an attack on government ineptitude.

This represents a symbolic function of Bernini's Baldacchino.

The columns invoke the early christian past.

Bernini's statue of David differs from previous generations of this depiction. His David seems to be moving through time and space. What about the work supports this description?

The pivoting motion of the figures implies the movement through space and time.

How did Bouguereau depict fictional themes or mythological subjects in his paintings.

Through the use of polished illusionism.

In Knight, Death, and the Devil, the mounted christian knight displays a monumental strength and the character reminiscent of what Italian artist?

Verrocchio

This person was a leading advocate of the Enlightenment in France was?

Voltaire

This artists had firsthand knowledge and experience of the American war?

Winslow Holmer

For what purpose was la Madeleine in Paris intended?

a Temple of glory for Napoleon's Armies.

What anamorphic symbol appears in Holbein's French Ambassadors?

a skull

"Sublime" was considered to inspire what feeling?

awe mixed with terror

Why is Saint Anthony prominently featured in the Isenheim Altarpiece?

because of his association with disease and miraculous cures

Vermeer was known to have use this type of tool in his works.

camera obscura

Reflected in Poussin's Et in Aradia Ego, the dominant style in France during the Baroque period was?

classicism

The Returen from Cytherare presents a group of lovers preparing to depart from the island of eternal youth. Watteau emphasized that elegance and grace using what?

color

What is the name of the specific style of Rococo painting that depicted the outdoor amusements and entertainments of the upper class?

fete galante

One of the distinctive qualities of Francesco Borrmini's architecture visible in the facade of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane is?

its similarity to Greek temple design

In Gurnewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, the artist has used specific references, saints and symbols to depict pain, suffering and salvation and redemption. What symbols can be interpreted to mean the Son of God?

lamb

Jacob van Ruisdael specialized in what genre?

landscapes

The Great Piece of Turf is what type of painting?

nonreligious still life

What theme did Courbet preferred to paint?

realistic scenes as he saw them

In "Rossetti's Beata Beatrix", the model for this image was the artists wife, Elizabeth Siddal. She died shortly before Rossitti began painting. He incorporated two symbols commemorating her death. What was one of those symbols?

red dove

In Pieter Aertsen's Meat Still-Life, the artist has created what appears to be a descriptive genre scene, a butcher's shop displaying its products as well as fish and pretzels. What other aspects are embedded in this work?

religious references

In Jan Steen's The Feast of St. Nicolas the artist has captured the joy and chaos of Christmas holidays. He has also added a subtle satirical jab at adult society by using children and their behaviors to mirror adult behavior. What behavior did Steen allude to in this painting?

selfishness

The Roman Catholic response to the Reformation was formulated during?

the Council of Trent

How did Georges de la Tour eliminate dogmatic significance and traditional iconographic meaning in the Adoration of the Shepherds?

the absence of halos

Spain in the sixteenth century supported what

the counter reformation

How did historical fact replace the fanciful notions of Rome and its ancient society?

the discover and excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii

Knight, Death, and the Devil is a metaphor for what?

the knight as a soldier of Gob

In the Money Changer and His wife by Quentin Massys, the artist has given us an image of a professional man transacting business. Massys had provided insight into what?

the secular life for the Netherlands