Chapter 18
Every heat engine has it.
A reservoir of heat at a high temperature.
Parcels.
Adiabatic processes in the atmosphere occur in large parts of the air called....
A higher temperature than its surroundings.
Air continues to rise and expand as long as it has...
they experience higher pressure and heat up.
As parcels of air drop...
Lower pressure and so they expand.
As parcels of air rise, they experience...
The volume of a gas changes.
As the temperature of a gas changes...
When your lips are puckered.
Blow air on your hand first with your mouth wide open, then with puckered lips. In which case is the air coming out of your mouth cooler?
Internal Energy
Energy at the particle level within a substance in several forms, which, when taken together are called...
The organism soon dies and tends toward disorder.
Energy must be transformed into the living system to support life. When it isn't...
If work is put into the system.
Entropy can decrease...
Ideal Efficiency=T hot-T cold/T hot
Equation form of Thermodynamics.
Entropy may sometimes decrease.
Given enough time, even the most improbable states may occur...
0
Heat added to system=
work is done.
Heat can flow from cold to hot only when...
Then entropy increases
If disorder increases,
A temperature inversion.
If rising warm air is denser than upper layers of warm air, it will no longer rise during...
Restatement of the second Law of Thermodynamics
In natural process, high-quality energy tends to transform into lower quality energy order tends to disorder.
Air temperature rises (or falls) as pressure increases (or decreases).
In the adiabatic form, the first law of thermodynamics becomes...
Heat added to system.
Increase in internal energy+work done by system=
Work done on/by system.
Increase/Decrease in internal energy=
We can expect an increase in internal energy, i.e. temperature rise.
Instead of adding heat, if we do mechanical work on a system...
Adiabatic conditions
It's achieved by thermally insulting a system from its surroundings, or performing the process so rapidly that heat has no time to enter or leave.
Heat Engine
It's any device that converts internal energy into mechanical work.
Absolute Zero
Lowest limit of temperature; Molecules have lost all available kinetic energy.
Concentrating and organizing energy from food sources.
Net occurs in living organisms, which survive by...
Changes in internal energy of a substance.
Our study focuses not on the internal energy per se, but rather on the...
Heat itself never spontaneously flows from a cold object to a hot substance.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Temperature Inversion
Sometimes cooler air occurs at an altitude lower than warmer air...
Probabilistic Statement.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics is a...
The foundation stones of thermodynamics
The conservation of energy and the fact that heat flows spontaneously from hot to cold and not the other way around.
10 degrees C for every 1 km rise in altitude.
The expanding air cools down-
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy.
Air temperature rises as heat is added or as pressure is increased.
The first law of thermodynamics is expressed as....
Carnot.
The ideal effifiency of a heat engine was determined by...
Entropy
The measure of the amount of disorder in a system is called...
Early 19th Century
The science of thermodynamics was developed in the...
Kinetic and Potential.
The simplest form of molecules are...
net
The___entropy in the universe is continually increasing.
Analyzing weather.
Thermodynamics is useful to metrelogists when...
There are some regions in which energy is actually being organized and concentrated.
We say net because...
It sinks.
When it gets cooler than the surroundings...
The Statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
When work is done by a heat engine operating between two temperatures T Hot and T Cold, only some of the input heat at T Hot can be converted to work and the rest is expelled at T cold.
Increases.
When work is done on a system-for example, compressing air in a tire pump-the temperature of the system...
Increasing.
Your locker gets messier each week. In this case, the entropy of your locker is...
