Chapter 18

Why people join groups

-interpersonal attraction -group activities: running club -group goals: community service club -need satisfaction: new residents joining newcomers club -instrumental benefits: joining a club to network

task group

A group created by the organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon ex: product development team

Resolving and eliminating conflict

Avoid conflict. Convince conflicting parties to compromise. Bring conflicting parties together to confront and negotiate conflict.

wise words

Changing established procedures, especially procedures that have outlived their usefulness, can also stimulate conflict. Such actions cause people to reassess how they perform their jobs and whether they perform them correctly.

informal or interest group

Created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization ex: group of emp who eat lunch together, or informal online facebook groups

The nature of organizational conflict

Either too much or too little conflict can be dysfunctional for an organization. In either case, performance may be low. However, an optimal level of conflict that sparks motivation, creativity, innovation, and initiative can result in higher levels of performance.

Controlling Conflict

Expand resource base. Enhance coordination of interdependence. Set superordinate goals. Match personalities and work habits of employees.

stimulating conflict

Increase competition among individuals and teams. Hire outsiders to shake things up. Change established procedures.

negotiation

a process in which two or more parties reach agreement on an issue even though they have different preferences regarding that issue

open innovation

approach to an expanded search for solutions. Reaching beyond sphere of knowledge

interpersonal problem solving

approach to conflict resolution. Bringing parties together to confront conflict.

intrasender conflict

arises when a single source sends contradictory messages

how do people join functional groups

by virtue of joining the org, accept emp to earn money or to practice chosen professions, asked to volunteer

task role

concentrating on getting the group's task accomplished

interrole conflict

conflict between roles (must work more and be a parent)

Intergroup Conflict

conflict between two or more organizational groups - arise from org causes more than interpersonal EX: Kodak not adapting to digital when other companies were

Interpersonal Conflict

conflict that occurs between two or more individuals given variety in perceptions, goals, attitudes, and so forth

interorganizational conflict

conflict that occurs between two or more organizations - from business competition (apple samsung)

person-role conflict

conflict that occurs when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his or her personal values

intrarole conflict

conflicting demands from different sources (boss says be strict, team says be loose)

role overload

consequence of weak role structure, expectations for the role exceed the person's capabilities

Group

consists of two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal

other words for descriptors for teams

cross functional, self-managed, high-performance

Conflict

disagreement among two or more individuals, groups, or orgs

Controlling Conflict

expand resource base, enhance coordination of interdependence, set superordinate goals, match personalities and work habits of employees

development of a role

expected role sent role perceived role enacted role

stages of group development

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning

three types of groups

functional, informal, interest

Socialization

generalized norm conformity that occurs as a person outsider to insider

storming

memb develop group structure and patterns of interaction

performing

members enact roles and direct effort toward goal attainment and performance

forming

members get acquainted and test interpersonal behaviors

norming

members share acceptance of roles and sense of unity

functional group

permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of org purposes with an unspecified time horizon ex: nursing group at mayo clinic

informal leader

person who engages in leadership activities but whose right to do so has not been formally recognized

Stimulating confict

place indv ep or groups in comp situaions (incentives for performance or outsiders)

socioemotional role

provide social or emotional support

four characteristics of groups

role structure, norms, cohesiveness, informal leadership

role structure

set of defined roles and interrelationships among those roles that the group members define and accept

teams

special form of task group. group of workers tht functions as a unit,, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work related tasks, functs, and activities

Norms

standards of behavior that the group or team accepts

Types of conflict

stimulating, controlling, resolving and eliminating conflict

two types of roles

task & socioemotional

virtual teams

teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal

cohesiveness

the extent to which members are loyal and committed to the group

role

the parts individuals play in groups in helping the group reach its goals

alternative dispute resolution

using a team of emp to arbitrate conflict in this way

role conflict

when messages and cues composing the sent role are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive

role ambiguity

when sent role is uncear and the indv does not know what is expected of him or her