Chapter 18
Why people join groups
-interpersonal attraction -group activities: running club -group goals: community service club -need satisfaction: new residents joining newcomers club -instrumental benefits: joining a club to network
task group
A group created by the organization to accomplish a relatively narrow range of purposes within a stated or implied time horizon ex: product development team
Resolving and eliminating conflict
Avoid conflict. Convince conflicting parties to compromise. Bring conflicting parties together to confront and negotiate conflict.
wise words
Changing established procedures, especially procedures that have outlived their usefulness, can also stimulate conflict. Such actions cause people to reassess how they perform their jobs and whether they perform them correctly.
informal or interest group
Created by its members for purposes that may or may not be relevant to those of the organization ex: group of emp who eat lunch together, or informal online facebook groups
The nature of organizational conflict
Either too much or too little conflict can be dysfunctional for an organization. In either case, performance may be low. However, an optimal level of conflict that sparks motivation, creativity, innovation, and initiative can result in higher levels of performance.
Controlling Conflict
Expand resource base. Enhance coordination of interdependence. Set superordinate goals. Match personalities and work habits of employees.
stimulating conflict
Increase competition among individuals and teams. Hire outsiders to shake things up. Change established procedures.
negotiation
a process in which two or more parties reach agreement on an issue even though they have different preferences regarding that issue
open innovation
approach to an expanded search for solutions. Reaching beyond sphere of knowledge
interpersonal problem solving
approach to conflict resolution. Bringing parties together to confront conflict.
intrasender conflict
arises when a single source sends contradictory messages
how do people join functional groups
by virtue of joining the org, accept emp to earn money or to practice chosen professions, asked to volunteer
task role
concentrating on getting the group's task accomplished
interrole conflict
conflict between roles (must work more and be a parent)
Intergroup Conflict
conflict between two or more organizational groups - arise from org causes more than interpersonal EX: Kodak not adapting to digital when other companies were
Interpersonal Conflict
conflict that occurs between two or more individuals given variety in perceptions, goals, attitudes, and so forth
interorganizational conflict
conflict that occurs between two or more organizations - from business competition (apple samsung)
person-role conflict
conflict that occurs when an individual in a particular role is expected to perform behaviors that clash with his or her personal values
intrarole conflict
conflicting demands from different sources (boss says be strict, team says be loose)
role overload
consequence of weak role structure, expectations for the role exceed the person's capabilities
Group
consists of two or more people who interact regularly to accomplish a common purpose or goal
other words for descriptors for teams
cross functional, self-managed, high-performance
Conflict
disagreement among two or more individuals, groups, or orgs
Controlling Conflict
expand resource base, enhance coordination of interdependence, set superordinate goals, match personalities and work habits of employees
development of a role
expected role sent role perceived role enacted role
stages of group development
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning
three types of groups
functional, informal, interest
Socialization
generalized norm conformity that occurs as a person outsider to insider
storming
memb develop group structure and patterns of interaction
performing
members enact roles and direct effort toward goal attainment and performance
forming
members get acquainted and test interpersonal behaviors
norming
members share acceptance of roles and sense of unity
functional group
permanent group created by the organization to accomplish a number of org purposes with an unspecified time horizon ex: nursing group at mayo clinic
informal leader
person who engages in leadership activities but whose right to do so has not been formally recognized
Stimulating confict
place indv ep or groups in comp situaions (incentives for performance or outsiders)
socioemotional role
provide social or emotional support
four characteristics of groups
role structure, norms, cohesiveness, informal leadership
role structure
set of defined roles and interrelationships among those roles that the group members define and accept
teams
special form of task group. group of workers tht functions as a unit,, often with little or no supervision, to carry out work related tasks, functs, and activities
Norms
standards of behavior that the group or team accepts
Types of conflict
stimulating, controlling, resolving and eliminating conflict
two types of roles
task & socioemotional
virtual teams
teams that use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal
cohesiveness
the extent to which members are loyal and committed to the group
role
the parts individuals play in groups in helping the group reach its goals
alternative dispute resolution
using a team of emp to arbitrate conflict in this way
role conflict
when messages and cues composing the sent role are clear but contradictory or mutually exclusive
role ambiguity
when sent role is uncear and the indv does not know what is expected of him or her