Chapter 18 and 19 helpful hints

Who was Harriet Tubman?

Important member of the Underground Railroad that helped slaves escape to Canada.

What happened at Harper's Ferry? What happened to John Brown?

John Brown tried to raid Harper's Ferry to start a slave rebellion; Brown was hanged for treason.

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Who proposed it?

Kansas and Nebraska territory would decide slavery by popular sovereignty; Stephen Douglas.

What were " personal liberty laws"?

Laws passed by northern states against adding enforcement of the fugitive slave act.

What were the results of Uncle Toms Cabin?

Many northerners would have nothing to do with the Fugitive Slave Act and Britain and France governments realized intervention in the Civil War on behalf of the South would not be popular.

Where was the first capital of the Confederate States of America?

Montgomery, Alabama.

What's was the central plank of the Know-Nothing party in the Election of 1856?

Nativism

Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?

Northern author who wrote Uncle Toms Cabin which shows the horrors of slavery.

How did northerners feel about the Dred Scott decision? Southerners ?

Northerners were outraged; southerners rejoiced.

What did Buchanan do in response to the southern states seceding?

Nothing because he thought secession was unconstitutional, the army was needed in the West to control Natives, he thought the North would not support the use of force, he thought there was a small chance of reconciliation, and he was surrounded by pro-southern advisors.

Who was Matthew Perry? What did he do?

Opened up Japan to U.S.

What did the clash between Preston Brooks and Charels Sumner reveal?

Passions over slavery were becoming intense between the North and South

Describe the south in 1850.

Politically and economically well off.

Who was John Brown? What did he do and why?

Radical abolitionist that killed 5 people at Pottawatomie Creek after proslavery people had burned the antislavery town of Lawrence.

What did South Carolina do when Lincoln won?

Rejoiced because it gave them a reason to secede.

What were the results of the US victory in the Mexican War?

Renewed controvarsy over expansion of slavery, split in whig and democrat parties over slavery, enormous amount of land added to the U.S., and population rush to California.

Who was William Walker? What did he do?

Seized control of Nicaragua.

How did most slaves gain their freedom durning the 1850s?

Self-purchased

What did Lecompton Constitution propose?

Slaveowners already in Kansas be protected.

What caused the Whig Party to split in 1852?

Slavery

Describe the compromise of 1850.

Slavery in New Mexico and Utah territories would be determined by popular sovereignty, California would be a free state, arms a stronger Fugitive Slave Act.

Describe the people going to California during the gold rush.

Some were running from the law.

Why did the republicans lose the election of 1856?

Southern threats of war.

What all did the Free Soil party platform advocate in 1848?

Support of the Wilmot Proviso, federal aid for internal improvements, free government homesteads for settlers, and opposition to slavery in territories.

What was the Crittenden Compromise? Did Lincoln agree with it?

The compromise would have guaranteed the permanent existence of slavery In the Slavs states by reestablishing the free-slave demarcation line drawn by the 1820 Missouri Compromise. Lincoln did not agree with it because he has been elected on a platform that opposed the extension of slavery.

Define popular sovereignty. Why did the public like popular sovereignty?

The people of the territory would vote on slavery; they felt it was democratic.

What did Hinton R. Helper argue in The Impending Crisis of the South?

Those who suffered the most from slave labor were nonslaveholding southern whites.

Why did southern delegates meet at a convention in Nashville in the summer of 1850?

To discuss the compromises being worked out in congress and how they did not like them.

What was the free soldiers argument against Slavery?

Would cause more costly wage labor to go away and destroyed the chances for free white workers.

Describe the Young Guard from the North.

Young strong antislavery congressmen wanting to purify the Union.

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

A scheme to gain control of Cuba.

What did Daniel Webster's Senventh of March speech result in?

A shift toward compromise in the North.

Describe the Election of 1860.

Abe Lincoln-republican candidate that campaigned for banning slavery in territories; Stephen Douglas-democratic candidate/popular sovereignty; John Breckenridge-southern democratic candidate/extend slavery into the territories; John Bell-Constitutional Union Party/preserve the Union by compromise.

What were the Lincoln-Douglas debates about? What was the Freeport Doctrine? What were the results?

Debates between Abe Lincoln and Stephen Douglas for the race for Illinois seat in the U.S. Senate; slavery would stay down if people voted it down (going against Dred Scott decision and defending popular sovereignty); Douglas won.

Describe the election of 1848

Democratic and Whig parties remained silent on the slave issue and the key focus was personalities of the candidates.

Describe the Election of 1856.

Democratic candidate-James Buchanan, Republican candidate-John C. Fremont, Know-Nothing candidate-Millard Fillmore; platform for Know-nothing's was nativism; Buchanan wins because of southern threats of war if there was a Republican victory.

What did James Buchanan decide on the Lecompton Constitution? What did it do to the Democratic Party?

He supported the Lecompton Constitution and it divided the Democratic Party

Why did James Buchanan win the Democratic nomination for presidency in 1856?

Because he was not associated with the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Describe Bleeding Kansas.

Civil War in Kansas between abolitionist and Pro slavery people.

What was the treaty of Wanghai?

First formal diplomatic agreement between the U.S. and China.

What did William h. Seward argue in the debates of 1850?

He said that Christian legislators must obey Gods moral laws.

Why was the Constitutional Union Party formed?

As a middle of the road party trying to prevent the breakup of the union.

Describe the provision of the Fugitive Slave Act?

Denied a jury trial or right to testify to runaway slaves, penalty of imprisonment and/or fine for northerners who helped runaway slaves, higher payment to officials if they determined African American to be runaways.

What even brought turmoil to the administration of Zachary Taylor?

Discovery of gold in California.

Describe the Dred Scott.

Dred Scott was a slave that lived in free territory with a master and sued for his freedom; court found that he was not a citizen therefore he could not sue and then ruled that congress could not legislate where people could take their slaves because slaves were property and property rights were protected under the Fifth Amendment.

Describe the panic of 1857. How did it affect the south?

Economic depression that hit Northwestern grain growers the hardest; south was not affected so they thought "cotton was king".

How did John C.Calhoun suggest protection for the south and slavery?

Elect two presidents...one from the north and one from the south.

How did Zachary Taylor help the cause of the Compromise in 1850?

He died suddenly and Millard Fillmore who supported the Compromise of 1850 became president.

Why did secessionists support leaving the Union?

They were appalled by the Republican Party, they believed the North would not oppose their secession, they felt the political balance was tipping against them, and they were tired of abolitionist attack.