Chapter 18

The coronary arteries receive blood from the __

aorta

What valve does blood exit in the left ventricle?

aortic semilunar valve

What valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta?

aortic semilunar valve

Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conduction network

Match the following term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization

T wave

Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall?

The epicardium

What makes the heart valves open and close?

blood pressure

Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "E"

bundle branches

Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?

left atrium

What is the destination of the pulmonary veins?

left atrium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "A"

left coronary artery

What muscles prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular contraction?

papillary muscles

Which of the following describes pulmonary veins?

two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium

Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?

unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle has gap junctions between cells (that allow them to be auto rhythmic)

When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________.

left ventricle into the left atrium

The right ventricle receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?

right atrium

Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart

right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle

What valve does blood exit in the right atrium?

tricuspid valve

Endocardium

glistening white sheet of endothelium lining the inside of the heart

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "C"

great cardiac vein

Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "D"

AV bundle (bundle of His)

Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "B"

AV node

Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system where the impulse is delayed for 0.1 sec?

AV node

What valve seperates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

Bicuspid (mitral) valve

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by " B"

Left pulmonary veins

Match the following term with its correct description: Atrial depolarization.

P wave

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "B"

Parietal layer of serous pericardium

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "C"

Pericardial cavity

What does the aortic semilunar valve do?

Prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle

Match the given term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization

QRS complex

Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "A"

SA node

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ___

SA node

Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system with the fastest depolarizing pacemaker cells?

SA node

Which of the following statements is not true about the shape, position, and location of the heart?

The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "E"

middle cardiac vein

Myocardium

middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle

Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: left atrium

mitral (bicuspid) valve

What valve separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?

pulmonary semilunar valve

The right ventricle send blood into the ___

pulmonary trunk

The left atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?

pulmonary veins

What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump?

the left ventricle

Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart?

the mitral or bicuspid valve

The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which ___

the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "A"

Fibrous pericardium

The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a ___

functional syncytium

The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called

coronary arteries

Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from ___

mesoderm

The superior chambers of the heart are called the

atria

The right atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?

vena cavae

The trabeculae carneae are located in the

ventricles

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "B"

ventricular depolarization

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "C"

ventricular repolarization

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "F"

Endocardium

The endocardium is composed of

squamous epithelium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "B"

Circumflex artery

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by " D"

Coronary sinus

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "D"

Epicardium

Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer?

Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

Failure of which heart valve would allow blood to move from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "E"

Myocardium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "D"

anastomosis

What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae?

anchor the AV valves in the closed position

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "E"

anterior interventricular artery

Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "A"

atrial depolarization

The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents ___

atrial depolarization

The ability of some cardiac muscles to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called ___

automaticity

The ___ are attached to the AV valve flaps.

chordae tendineae

Match the following terms to its correct description: systole

contraction

The lining of the heart chambers is called the

endocardium

Epicardium

inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)

Which of the following is not a role of the pericardium?

it facilitates heart contraction

Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue?

large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm

The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the

left and right ventricles

The left ventricle receives blood from the ___.

left atrium

Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.

left atrium; left ventricle

The walls of the ___ are thicker than the walls of any other heart chamber?

left ventricle

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the ___

left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta

Fibrous pericardium

loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart

The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________.

parietal layer of serous pericardium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "F"

posterior interventricular artery

What does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?

prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle

What is the function of the coronary circulation?

provide a blood supply to the heart

What valve does blood exit in the right ventricle?

pulmonary semilunar valve

What is the ligamentum arteriosum?

remnant of ductus arteriosus

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the

right atrium

Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "C"

right coronary artery

Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "A"

right pulmonary artery

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ___

right ventricle and moves to the lungs

Match the following term to its correct description: Posterior interventricular artery

runs to the apex of the heart

The role of the artioventricular node (AV node) is to ___

slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood

A condition in which the valve flaps of the heart become stiff and constrict the opening is called ___.

stenosis

Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "C"

subendocardial conditioning network

Match the following term to its correct description: anterior interventricular artery

supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles

Match the following term to its correct description: right marginal artery

supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium

Which of the following phrases describes the circumflex artery?

supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle

Serous pericardium

thin, slippery, two-layered membrane

What valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

tricuspid valve

The ___ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node

vagus

Where is the mitral valve located?

valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

What is the tricuspid valve?

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle