Chapter 18
The coronary arteries receive blood from the __
aorta
What valve does blood exit in the left ventricle?
aortic semilunar valve
What valve separates the left ventricle and the aorta?
aortic semilunar valve
Choose the correct sequence of current flow through the intrinsic conduction system of the heart
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, subendocardial conduction network
Match the following term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization
T wave
Which of the following structures lies on the outside surface of the heart and is an integral part of the heart wall?
The epicardium
What makes the heart valves open and close?
blood pressure
Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "E"
bundle branches
Into which chamber of the heart do the pulmonary veins deliver blood?
left atrium
What is the destination of the pulmonary veins?
left atrium
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "A"
left coronary artery
What muscles prevent the atrioventricular valves from everting during ventricular contraction?
papillary muscles
Which of the following describes pulmonary veins?
two from each lung carry blood into the left atrium
Which of the following is a difference between cardiac muscle and skeletal muscle?
unlike skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle has gap junctions between cells (that allow them to be auto rhythmic)
When the mitral valve closes, it prevents the backflow of blood from the __________.
left ventricle into the left atrium
The right ventricle receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
right atrium
Identify the correct sequence of blood flow through the chambers of the heart
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle
What valve does blood exit in the right atrium?
tricuspid valve
Endocardium
glistening white sheet of endothelium lining the inside of the heart
Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "C"
great cardiac vein
Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "D"
AV bundle (bundle of His)
Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "B"
AV node
Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system where the impulse is delayed for 0.1 sec?
AV node
What valve seperates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by " B"
Left pulmonary veins
Match the following term with its correct description: Atrial depolarization.
P wave
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "B"
Parietal layer of serous pericardium
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "C"
Pericardial cavity
What does the aortic semilunar valve do?
Prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle
Match the given term with its correct description: Ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
Identify the part of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "A"
SA node
The normal pacemaker of the heart is the ___
SA node
Which term describes an area of the heart conduction system with the fastest depolarizing pacemaker cells?
SA node
Which of the following statements is not true about the shape, position, and location of the heart?
The heart is enclosed in a double-layered sac called the pleural membrane
Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "E"
middle cardiac vein
Myocardium
middle layer of the heart, composed mainly of cardiac muscle
Match the area of the heart with the "exit" through which the blood leaves: left atrium
mitral (bicuspid) valve
What valve separates the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk?
pulmonary semilunar valve
The right ventricle send blood into the ___
pulmonary trunk
The left atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
pulmonary veins
What part of the heart is considered the systemic circuit pump?
the left ventricle
Which of the following valves is most often faulty in the heart?
the mitral or bicuspid valve
The absolute refractory period refers to the time during which ___
the muscle cell is not in a position to respond to a stimulus of any strength
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "A"
Fibrous pericardium
The cells of the myocardium behave as a single, coordinated unit called a ___
functional syncytium
The vessels that carry oxygen to the myocardium are called
coronary arteries
Guided by powerful signaling molecules, the human heart develops from ___
mesoderm
The superior chambers of the heart are called the
atria
The right atrium receives blood from which of the following structure(s)?
vena cavae
The trabeculae carneae are located in the
ventricles
Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "B"
ventricular depolarization
Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "C"
ventricular repolarization
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "F"
Endocardium
The endocardium is composed of
squamous epithelium
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "B"
Circumflex artery
Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by " D"
Coronary sinus
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "D"
Epicardium
Which is the correct sequence of layers in the heart wall, starting with the outer layer?
Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
Failure of which heart valve would allow blood to move from the left ventricle to the left atrium?
Mitral (bicuspid) valve
Identify the pericardial structure indicated by "E"
Myocardium
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "D"
anastomosis
What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae?
anchor the AV valves in the closed position
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "E"
anterior interventricular artery
Identify the part of the ECG indicated by "A"
atrial depolarization
The P wave of an electrocardiogram represents ___
atrial depolarization
The ability of some cardiac muscles to initiate their own depolarization and cause depolarization of the rest of the heart is called ___
automaticity
The ___ are attached to the AV valve flaps.
chordae tendineae
Match the following terms to its correct description: systole
contraction
The lining of the heart chambers is called the
endocardium
Epicardium
inner layer of pericardium (called the visceral layer)
Which of the following is not a role of the pericardium?
it facilitates heart contraction
Which of the following factors gives the myocardium its high resistance to fatigue?
large number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm
The interventricular septum forms a dividing wall between the
left and right ventricles
The left ventricle receives blood from the ___.
left atrium
Freshly oxygenated blood is delivered to the __________ and then it passes into the __________ to be pumped to the entire body.
left atrium; left ventricle
The walls of the ___ are thicker than the walls of any other heart chamber?
left ventricle
During systemic circulation, blood leaves the ___
left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta
Fibrous pericardium
loosely fitting superficial part of the sac enclosing the heart
The inner lining of the fibrous pericardium is formed by the __________.
parietal layer of serous pericardium
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "F"
posterior interventricular artery
What does the pulmonary semilunar valve do?
prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle
What is the function of the coronary circulation?
provide a blood supply to the heart
What valve does blood exit in the right ventricle?
pulmonary semilunar valve
What is the ligamentum arteriosum?
remnant of ductus arteriosus
The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the
right atrium
Identify the vessel of coronary circulation indicated by "C"
right coronary artery
Identify the posterior surface heart structure indicated by "A"
right pulmonary artery
During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the ___
right ventricle and moves to the lungs
Match the following term to its correct description: Posterior interventricular artery
runs to the apex of the heart
The role of the artioventricular node (AV node) is to ___
slow down impulses so that the atria can contract to fill the adjacent ventricles with blood
A condition in which the valve flaps of the heart become stiff and constrict the opening is called ___.
stenosis
Identify the parts of the cardiac conduction system indicated by "C"
subendocardial conditioning network
Match the following term to its correct description: anterior interventricular artery
supplies blood to the interventricular septum and anterior walls of both ventricles
Match the following term to its correct description: right marginal artery
supplies blood to the lateral right side of the myocardium
Which of the following phrases describes the circumflex artery?
supplies blood to the left atrium and posterior walls of the left ventricle
Serous pericardium
thin, slippery, two-layered membrane
What valve separates the right atrium and right ventricle?
tricuspid valve
The ___ nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the sinoatrial (SA) node
vagus
Where is the mitral valve located?
valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
What is the tricuspid valve?
valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle