Chapter 18 Prin. of Ag Business

Joe wants to be given a job to do and then left alone to do it. He tends to set moderately difficult goals for himself and to really get involved in his work. He also has a strong need for knowing how he is doing. In which of the following needs is Joe high?

Achievement

Dave Miller tells new employees that so long as they do what they are told, he will pretty much let them alone. But, if they get out of line, he will not hesitate for one minute to impose the contractual disciplinary procedure. What kind of reinforcement does Dave's approach represent?

Avoidance

Joe decides that a promotion is likely because he has achieved the highest level of performance in his group. However, he does not want the promotion because he views it as a source of stress and additional demands on his life. If Joe requests a transfer to avoid the promotion, which theory best explains his behavior?

Expectancy

If you want to reduce the likelihood that a behavior will recur, which of the following types of reinforcement will get the desired results?

Extinction & Punishment

According to the text, employee performance is determined by ability, motivation, and desire

False

If all your employee perceive their inputs to be the same, you can ensure they will perceive things to be equitable if you arrange it so they all receive the same outcomes

False

The primary purpose of organizational rewards is to enhance employee satisfaction

False

Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the LEAST incentive to do good work?

Fixed-Interval

Which of the following schedules of reinforcement are time-based schedules?

Fixed-interval and variable- interval

Which historical approach to motivation suggests that people really want to make a difference in the places they work and expect an opportunity to show what they can do?

Human Resources

Using the classification scheme in the text, motivation is part of the management function of

Leading

Al Moore just graduated from college with a 3.86 GPA in finance. Last summer he had an internship with the Federal Reserve Bank in Kansas City and received glowing performance reports. He has just gone to work for a Wall Street investment banking firm noted for providing its people all the tools they need to succeed and then letting them sink or swim. Al is determined to rise rapidly in the organization. All these factors should combine to produce high levels of

Performance

josh felt neutral toward his agribusiness management class after the first week; however, after he made an A on the first exam he now says the class is great. This is an example of which of the following?

Performance leads to satisfaction

Which kind of reinforcement involves providing a desired outcome in the presence of desirable behavior?

Positive

One of your employees is in the habit of taking excessively long lunch breaks. The more you talk with him about the problem, the worse his behavior becomes. Even written reprimands and disciplinary layoffs fail to produce improvement. Based on this information only, what kind of reinforcement are you apparently using and need to change?

Positive reinforcement

Which of the following needs is apparently very important to success as a manager, according to recent research findings?

Power

Unions nearly always bargain for retirement packages and good medical plans. Recently, they have begun negotiating for advanced notice of plant closings. What need level from Maslow's hierarchy do these demands represent?

Security

The most basic method of managing employee motivation is

The reward system

Which historical approach to motivation is based on scientific management and thus takes an economic incentive approach to motivation?

Traditional

According to Maslow, when the needs at a particular level are met, the needs are no longer a motivator and the next higher level of needs becomes operative

True

According to the classification scheme used in the text, motivation is part of the leading function

True

Merit pay systems have the disadvantage of increasing a firm's fixed costs

True

Performance is presumed to occur before satisfaction

True

The basic premise of reinforcement theory is that behavior followed by desired outcomes will be repeated

True

The most effective reinforcement schedule for maintaining behavior at high levels is the variable-ratio schedule

True

There is some evidence that more successful managers have higher power needs than do less successful ones

True

Which motivational theory suggests that people will rationalize away differences between rewards they and others receive.

Two-factor

The theory that says motivation is a function of how much we want something and how likely we think we are of getting it is

expectancy theory

The most important idea for managers to remember from equity theory is that

for rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair

High-involvement management

is more than just participation, gives employees a greater voice in how things are done, builds on horizontal organizational structures and the use of work designs.

Which of the following motivational perspectives says that people will repeat those behaviors that bring desirable consequences and avoid those that fail to bring desirable consequences or that bring aversive consequences?

reinforcement theory

Goal setting theory suggests that

the starting point is for managers and their subordinates to meet regularly