Chapter 19 Blood
Which of these is not one of the formed elements of blood?
B) antibodies
The function of platelets is to assist in the
B) process called hemostasis.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes?
B) produce antibodies in response to antigens
In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated?
A) an alcoholic with a damaged liver
The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following, except
A) during periods of fasting
After donating 0.5 liters of blood, one would expect
C) an increased reticulocyte count.
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone
C) erythropoietin
All of the following are true of neutrophils, except that they are
C) important in coagulation.
The average life span of a red blood cell is
D) 4 months.
Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume.
D) 55; 92
________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells.
D) Monocytes
Which of the following is not true of monocytes?
D) about same size as basophils
Each hemoglobin molecule contains
D) four iron atoms.
Which organ secretes most of the plasma proteins?
D) liver
The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the:
D) lymphocytes
Platelets are
E) cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
The waste product bilirubin is produced from
E) heme molecules lacking iron.
Excess iron is stored in the liver and spleen as
E) hemosiderin and ferritin.
A genetically engineered hormone that stimulates the production of neutrophils is
E) G-CSF (Neupogen).
The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if
E) a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.
Whole blood for testing in a clinical laboratory is usually collected from
E) a superficial vein.
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are
E) albumins.
Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron?
E) ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin
A hematocrit provides information on
E) formed elements abundance.
A person who has a low blood volume is said to be
E) hypovolemic.
Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by
E) injections of vitamin B12.
Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of
E) iron.
During a bacterial infection you would expect to see increased numbers of
E) neutrophils.
The most numerous WBCs in a differential count of a healthy individual are
E) neutrophils.
In adults, the only site of red blood cell production, and the primary site of white blood cell formation, is the
E) red bone marrow.
Aged and damaged erythrocytes are broken down by macrophages in the
E) spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
People with type AB blood are considered the "universal recipient" for transfusions because
E) their blood lacks A or B agglutinins.
Formed elements make up about what percentage of blood?
A) 45 percent
Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics:
A) RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.
Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of
A) Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.
Which of the following is true of eosinophils?
A) allergic patients have many B) have bilobed nucleus C) constitute about 2 to 4 percent of WBCs D) granules stain with eosin dyes
Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes?
A) are involved in cell mediated immunity
White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are
A) basophils.
In adults, red bone marrow is located in the
A) body of vertebrae. B) sternum and ribs. C) iliac crest. D) proximal epiphyses of long bones.
The yellow color that is visible in the eyes and skin in jaundice results from
A) destruction of hemoglobin. B) excessive amounts of bilirubin in the plasma. C) the recycling of hemoglobin. D) extensive breakdown of RBCs.
Which of the following is true of basophils?
A) granules contain histamine B) attract other defense cells C) granules contain heparin D) constitute about 1 percent of WBCs
Mary is tested for the amount of hemoglobin in her blood. The test results indicate that her hemoglobin level is 16 g/dL of blood. This value indicates that
A) her hemoglobin level is normal.
Plasma is closest in composition to
A) interstitial fluid.
If bile ducts are blocked,
A) more bilirubin appears in the plasma.
Most of the iron that is removed from degraded hemoglobin is
A) recycled to the red bone marrow.
All the circulating red blood cells in an adult originate in the
A) red bone marrow.
In adults, erythropoiesis exclusively takes place in
A) red bone marrow.
When a person who lives at sea level vacations in the Rocky Mountains, you would expect
A) the release of erythropoietin. B) an increase in red blood cell production. C) a drop in oxygen levels. D) a rise in hematocrit.
An infected wound contains typically contains
A) tissue fluids. B) cellular debris. C) pus. D) dead neutrophils.
Which of the following is a function of the blood?
A) transport of nutrients and wastes B) transport of gases C) transport of body heat D) defense against toxins and pathogens
The most abundant component of plasma is
A) water.
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called
A) whole blood
You are caring for an adult patient who weighs 48 kg. What would her approximate blood volume be?
B) 3.8 L
The total volume of blood in the body of a 76-kg man is approximately ________ liters.
B) 5.3
Which of the following statements concerning red blood cells is false?
B) Red cells are about 18 μm in diameter.
Which of the following statements about blood is false?
B) The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0.
Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________.
B) agglutinogens; agglutinins
Blood type is identified primarily by
B) both the ABO and Rh blood groups
The process of red blood cell production is called
B) erythropoiesis.
A plasma protein essential for blood coagulation is
B) fibrinogen.
Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the
B) immunoglobulins.
An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would ultimately result in
B) increased erythropoiesis
Which of the following is not true of neutrophils?
B) less abundant than lymphocytes
A person's blood type is determined largely by the
B) presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.
Which of the following blood count values would be a sign of anemia?
C) 3.5 million RBC
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.
C) Anemia
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed with the anti-A sera but not with the anti-B or anti-D sera. This means
C) Bill's plasma contains B antibodies.
A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is
C) GM-CSF.
________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation.
C) Reticulocytes
Which of these descriptions best matches the function of platelets?
C) adhere to collagen beneath endothelium
Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones?
C) albumin
Erythropoiesis is stimulated when
C) blood flow to the kidney declines.
The function of hemoglobin is to
C) carry dissolved blood gases.
The function of red blood cells is to
C) carry oxygen to the cells and then carry away carbon dioxide.
The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the
C) concentration of proteins.
Eosinophils function in:
C) destroying antibody-labeled antigens
The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the
C) hematocrit.
More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is
C) hemoglobin.
Which of these descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor?
C) hormone that regulates blood cell formation
Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
C) hormone-binding
Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called
C) megakaryocytes.
A patient has an infected puncture wound to her foot. Which type of white blood cell would you expect to be elevated in a differential white cell count?
C) neutrophils
Granulocytes form in
C) red bone marrow.
Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood?
C) reticulocytes
The developmental stage at which erythrocytes enter the circulation is as
C) reticulocytes.
The process of lymphopoiesis goes on in all of the following organs, except
C) the kidney.
When checking the efficiency of gas exchange, it may be necessary to draw a blood sample from
D) an artery.
White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the
D) eosinophils.
Consider these results from a blood lab test. Which value is most likely abnormal?
D) hemoglobin-10.7 g/100 ml
Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein?
D) metalloprotein
Which of the following combinations may result in the hemolytic disease of the newborn:
D) mother Rh negative, baby Rh positive
Non-specific immunity, such as phagocytosis, is a function of which blood cells?
D) neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes
The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
D) neutrophils.
A red blood cell that contains normal amounts of hemoglobin would be called
D) normochromic.
Surgical removal of the stomach could cause
D) pernicious anemia.
A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because
D) the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin
In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in
D) the spleen.
Each of the following is a characteristic of whole blood, except a
D) viscosity about the same as water.
Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate?
D) vitamin B12 deficiency
A typical adult hematocrit is
E) 45.