Chapter 19 Quiz
Veins
Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A)
aorta
Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?
arteries
Where is blood pressure highest
arteries
List the five general classes of blood vessels. (Module 19.2A)
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins
The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the
arteriole
Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
arterioles dilate
All of the following occur during exercise except
blood flow to skin decreases.
The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.
body organs; right atrium
Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?
capillary
RBCs move single file through this structure
capillary
The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the
cerebral arterial circle
After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?
circulatory shock
Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries.
common iliac
The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta
diaphragm
Describe the systemic circuit
ejects blood into the aorta, systemic arteries, and arterioles(small arteries). powered by the left side of the heart
Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the
hepatic portal vein
Blood is drained from the liver by the
hepatic veins
A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause
increased blood pH.
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
increased levels of ANP
Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the
medulla oblongata
Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to
pH. carbon dioxide. oxygen.
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincters
As blood travels from arteries to veins,
pressure drops
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure
pulse
Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except
pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein
The ________ vein receives all the venous blood from the kidney
renal
The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply
renal artery
Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the
right atrium
Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the
right ventricle?
Venules
smallest veins
Name the two large veins that collect blood from the systemic circuit
superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
Angiogenesis refers to
the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.
Compared to arteries, veins
thinner walls
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
tunica externa
Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
tunica intima
The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the
tunica media
The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called
vasoconstriction
large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?
venules
The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the
vertebral vein
Define edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.
The superior vena cava collect blood from the
Head, chest, and upper limbs
Compare the oxygen content in the two circulatory circuits
The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium. The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.
Describe the pulmonary circuit.
The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.
Where are chemoreceptors located?
They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies
Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries?
Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart
What factors are involved in the formation of varicose veins?
Varicose veins form when the vein walls weaken and the valves fail so blood begins to pool in the veins