Chapter 19 Quiz

Veins

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

Identify the largest artery in the body. (Module 19.16A)

aorta

Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

arteries

Where is blood pressure highest

arteries

List the five general classes of blood vessels. (Module 19.2A)

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the

arteriole

Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate

All of the following occur during exercise except

blood flow to skin decreases.

The systemic circuit delivers oxygenated blood to ________ and returns blood to the ________.

body organs; right atrium

Metabolites exchange by diffusion with the tissues and the cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

RBCs move single file through this structure

capillary

The internal carotids and the basilar artery are interconnected by an anastomosis called the

cerebral arterial circle

After losing 25 percent of blood volume in a motorcycle accident, which of the following compensatory responses would not occur?

circulatory shock

Near the level of vertebra L4, the aorta branches to form the ________ arteries.

common iliac

The ________ divides the aorta into the thoracic aorta and the abdominal aorta

diaphragm

Describe the systemic circuit

ejects blood into the aorta, systemic arteries, and arterioles(small arteries). powered by the left side of the heart

Nutrients from the digestive tract enter the

hepatic portal vein

Blood is drained from the liver by the

hepatic veins

A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause

increased blood pH.

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP

Sensory neurons that are part of chemoreceptor reflexes are found in the

medulla oblongata

Chemoreceptor reflexes respond to

pH. carbon dioxide. oxygen.

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincters

As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure

pulse

Blood moves forward through veins because of all of the following except

pumping by the smooth muscle in the wall of the vein

The ________ vein receives all the venous blood from the kidney

renal

The ________ is the kidney's sole blood supply

renal artery

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the

right atrium

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

right ventricle?

Venules

smallest veins

Name the two large veins that collect blood from the systemic circuit

superior vena cava and inferior vena cava

Angiogenesis refers to

the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels.

Compared to arteries, veins

thinner walls

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica intima

The muscular layer of a blood vessel is the

tunica media

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

vasoconstriction

large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

Which of the following are the smallest venous vessels?

venules

The vessel that passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae is the

vertebral vein

Define edema

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissues.

The superior vena cava collect blood from the

Head, chest, and upper limbs

Compare the oxygen content in the two circulatory circuits

The pulmonary circuit carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium. The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues of the body and returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium.

Describe the pulmonary circuit.

The pulmonary circuit transports blood from the right ventricle through the pulmonary arteries, capillaries in the lungs, and pulmonary veins and returns it to the left atrium.

Where are chemoreceptors located?

They are located within the medulla oblongata and in the carotid and aortic bodies

Why are valves located in veins but not in arteries?

Valves are located in veins to prevent blood from flowing backward because venous pressure is too low to keep the blood moving back toward the heart

What factors are involved in the formation of varicose veins?

Varicose veins form when the vein walls weaken and the valves fail so blood begins to pool in the veins