Chapter 19 Quiz, Chapter 19: Nutrition

How many kcal/g does 1 g of alcohol provide? a. 4 kcal/g b. 5 kcal/g c. 6 kcal/g d. 7 kcal/g

7 kcal/g Alcohol provides 7 kcal/g of energy.

What is the term for stored fat that insulates the body and serves as a cushion to protect organs? a. Subcutaneous tissue b. Adipose tissue c. Cohesive tissue d. Lipid tissue

Adipose Tissue Fat is stored in the body as adipose tissue.

The nurse is explaining the activity recommendations from the USDA's new MyPlate plan. What is the minimum amount of moderate weekely exercise needed to balance nutritional intake? a. 15 minutes b. 1 hour and 15 minutes c. 2 hours and 30 minutes d. 60 minutes

2 hours and 30 minutes MyPlate recommends a minimum of 2 hours and 30 minutes of moderate aerobic physical activity a week to balance nutritional intake and 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous physical activity a week.

To demonstrate the energy-producing potential of different foods, the nurse explains that 3 g of lean meat produces 12 kcal/g. How many kcal/g does 3 g of fish oil produce? a. 6 kcal/g b. 15 kcal/g c. 21 kcal/g d. 27 kcal/g

27 kcal/g Fat provides 9 kcal/g.

The body mass index (BMI) of a man 6 feet tall weighing 250 pounds is _______.

33.9 The BMI is calculated by dividing the pounds expressed as kilograms by the height in meters squared.

A fit, young women was at zero nitrogen balance. The nurse discovers that this patient is now pregnant with her first child. For what is this patient at risk? a. Embolism b. Anabolism c. Catabolism d. Metabolism

Anabolism When more nitrogen is consumed than is excreted, anabolism occurs. This is also called a positive nitrogen balance.

What eating disorder is charicterized by body image distortion, excessive exercise, and viscarious enjoyment of food? a.Self-fasting b.Anorexia nervosa c.Bulimia nervosa d.Binge eating

Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation, excessive exercise, and body image distortion.

The nurse is educating a patient on vegan diet. What supplement will the nurse encourage this patient to take to avoid a deficiency? a. B6 b. B12 c. K d. D

B12 B12 is almost exclusively found in animal products, but it can be supplemented with fortified cereals or vitamins.

When discussing the digestion and metabolism of fat, the nurse tells the patient who has a history of cholecystistis and who is on a low-fat diet that fat must be emulsified to be digested. What is the substance necessary for emulsification? a. Sugar b. Cholesterol c. Bile d. Protein

Bile Bile is necessary to emulsify fat.

Careful attention to carbohydrate consumption can improve metabolic control of diabetes. The nurse teaches a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten at a meal. What is this meal planning approach called? a.Carbohydrate splitting b.Reduced caloric intake c.Carbohydrate counting d.Carbohydrate balancing

Carbohydrate Counting Carbohydrate counting is a meal planning approach that focuses on the total amount of carbohydrates eaten.

What are the energy providing food groups?

Carbohydrates Fats Proteins The food groups that provide energy are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

A patient who has hypertension is complaining about lack of taste with low-sodium diet that has been perscribed. What should be nurse emphasize that sodium may do? a. Contribute to hypertension b. Interfere with blood clotting c. Produce stomach ulcers d. Decrease calcium in the bones

Contribute to Hypertension Sodium may contribute to hypertension.

What has replaced the USDAs recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)? a. Nutrition Recommended Allowance (NRA) b. National Bionutritional Allowance (NBA) c. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) d. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) The Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) has replaced the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).

The patient who had a gastrostomy complains to the nurse about frequent episodes of dumping syndrome. What can the nurse recommend to this patient to decrease this problem? a.Eat small, frequent meals b.Include more fiber in meals c.Increase seasoning on food d.Limit intake to semi-liquids

Eat small, frequent meals The symptoms of dumping syndrome can be reduced by consuming small frequent meals of mildly seasoned food; extra fiber is not essential.

The nurse recongnizes that when a patient is unable to consume adequate nutrition by mouth an alternative route such as a feeding ostomy may be used. What is the proper term for feeding a patient by this method? a.Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) b.Nasogastric c.Enteral d.Parenteral

Enteral The administration of nutritionally balanced liquid foods through a feeding ostomy is called enteral nutrition.

The body uses 22 common amino acids, but 9 of them be obtained from protein in the diet. What are these proteins considered? a. Essential b. Basic c. Fundamental d. Primary

Essential Essential amino acids must be consumed in the diet, because the body cannot make them.

What are elements that are found in food and necessary for good health but that the body cannot make? a. Important nutrients b. Life-saving nutrients c. Essential nutrients d. Necessary nutrients

Essential Nutrients Elements found in food that our bodies cannot make are essential nutrients.

The patient complains to the nurse that he feels terrible since he has been taking several different kinds of vitamin preparations. What should the nurse assess for indications of vitamin toxicity? a. Edema b. Hypertension c. Fatigue d. Diarrhea

Fatigue Toxicity usually occurs from the use of large supplemental doses of vitamins and minerals and presents as fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and headache.

At approximentely 4 to 6 months of age, solid food is introduced to a baby. What foods with high iron content should be recommended by the nurse? a. Pureed fruit b. Fortified cereals c. Fruit juice d. Rice

Fortified Cereals At approximately 4 to 6 months, iron-rich foods, such as fortified cereal and pureed meat, are introduced to a baby.

What is the bodys storage from carbohydrates, usually found in the liver with some storage in the muscles? a. Sugar b. Glucose c. Lipids d. Glycogen

Glycogen Glycogen is not generally consumed in the diet but is the body's storage form of carbohydrate. It is found mainly in the liver, with some storage in the muscles.

The nurse makes nutrition a focus in the care plan. Where does nutrition play the most important role? a.Weight control b.Sustained appetite c.Building strong bones d.Health maintenance

Health Maintenance Nutrition is the total of all processes involved in taking in and using food substances for proper growth, functioning, and maintenance of health.

The nurse explains that a patient with a heart problem should follow a decreased sodium diet. What will this diet help reduce the risk for or prevent? a. Stroke b. Fluid excretion c. Heart attacks d. Obesity

Heart Attacks Sodium attracts water and causes fluid retention. Hypervolemia increases the heart's workload, which can lead to a heart attack.

The nurse cautions a patient with a pancreatic disorder that will interfere with a digestion of fats may lead to a clotting disorder. What is the cause of these potential problems? a. Inability to use vitamin B b. Inability to use vitamin C c. Inability to use vitamin D d. Inability to use vitamin K

Inability to use vitamin K Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble. Difficulty with fat metabolism will result in the inability to use fat-soluble vitamins. Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting. It is important in maintaining four of the eleven clotting factors found in the blood.

_____________________softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon.

Insoluble fiber Insoluble fiber softens stools, speeds transit of foods through the digestive tract, and reduces pressure in the colon. Thus it may help relieve constipation and reduce the risk of certain gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as diverticulosis or hemorrhoids.

A school nurse is teaching a group of adolescents about adequate nutrition. What increased intake should the nurse encourage? a. Potassium and sodium b. Chloride and magnesium c. Iron and calcium d. Vitamins and minerals

Iron and Calcium Dietary inadequacies in adolescence include iron and calcium.

A nurse caring for for a patient who is perscribed a full liquid diet recognizes that this diet lacks some nutrients. What nutrients are lacking? a. Fat-soluble vitamins b. Potassium c. Iron and fiber d.Water-soluble vitamins

Iron and Fiber A full-liquid diet is deficient in iron and fiber.

The nurse has assesed a patients body mass index (BMI) to be 19.6. This assessment of weight versus height indicates that this patients weight category is in which category? a.Low health risk b. Overweight c. Obese d. Morbidly obese

Low Health Risk A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is associated with the lowest health risk. Those with BMIs between 25 and 29.9 are considered overweight, and those with BMIs of 30 or greater are considered obese. A BMI of less than 18.5 is considered underweight and is also associated with health risks.

The nurse reminds the male patient with lactose intolerence that he can avoid the unpleasant symptoms of nausea, bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea, if he will avoid certain foods. What product should the patient be instructed to avoid? a. Soy beans b.Rice c.Milk d.High fiber

Milk Lactose intolerance occurs as a result of a lack of lactase that makes it impossible to break down milk sugar.

When reviewing a patients dietary intake, the nurse recommends that sugar consumption be reduced to the recommended daily level. What is this level? a. No more than 24% of total daily kilocalories b. No more than16% of total daily kilocalories c. No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories d. No more than 4% of total daily kilocalories

No more than 8% of total daily kilocalories DRIs relating to carbohydrates indicate that 45% to 65% of an adult's total calorie intake should be in the form of carbohydrates and that added sugars should be limited to no more than 8% (approximately 40 g) of the total number of calories consumed daily

The young women who is breastfeeding will need an increase of calories and protein. What foods should the nurse suggest as sources of protein? a. Green, leafy vegetables b. Citrus fruits c. Asparagus d. Nuts

Nuts Nuts are a safe source of protein for lactating women.

The home health nurse is caring for a patient that has undergone removal of a part of the stomach. For what should the nurse carefully assess this patient? a. A stomach ulcer b. Digestive problems c. Pernicious anemia d. Malabsorption

Pernicious Anemia Pernicious anemia results when the intrinsic factor is missing due to surgery on the stomach.

A patient taking a diuretic is assessed by the nurse having an erratic pulse and muscle weakness. What should the nurse suspect is deficient? a. Sodium b. Potassium c. Chloride d. Iron

Potassium Diuretics can deplete potassium through urine excretion and lead to muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias.

A patient diagnosed with renal failure is unable to excrete protein waste products and develops a condition that requires a protein-restricted diet. The nurse instructs the patient that azotemia can be diminished by substituting other food groups for protein. What is an example of a food that this patient can substitute for protein? a.Potatoes b.Beans c.Cheese d.Soy products

Potatoes The foods that a patient with renal disease can substitute for energy are in the carbohydrate group. Potatoes are the only carbohydrate listed.

The nurse is counseling a patient about the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What should the nurse stress that patients with type 2 diabetes and required to recieve on a daily basis? a.Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals b.Oral hyperglycemic agents c.Insulin injections d.Stringent low-calorie diets

Regular carbohydrate-controlled meals People with type 2 diabetes must take daily regulated meals with controlled carbohydrate content. Type 1 diabetics must have insulin injections.

What is a nursing intervention to decrease the thirst of a patient who is on fluid restriction? a.Rinsing the mouth with warm water b.Sipping carbonated drinks c.Sucking on occasional ice chips d.Limiting tooth brushing to once per day

Sucking on occasional ice chips Sucking on occasional ice chips is a way to decrease thirst without adding a large amount of fluid. Rinsing the mouth with cool water and frequent tooth brushing are helpful also. Carbonated drinks contain sodium and will enhance fluid retention.

The nurse is providing information about high cholesterol levels. What is the rationale for avoiding saturated fats? a. They block absorption of nutrients b. They interfere with metabolism c. They increase blood cholesterol d. They must be hydrogenated

They increase blood cholesterol Saturated fats tend to increase blood cholesterol.

The nurse teaches a patient who has a nonfunctioning or dysfunctional GI tract that total pareteral nutrition (TPN) will be infused. Where will the infusion occur? a.Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) b.Nasogastric c.Enteral d.Parenteral

Through the superior vena cava TPN solution is usually infused through the superior vena cava.

The nurse is educating a group og highschool students regarding nutrition. How should the nurse respond when the student ask what occurs when protein, mineral, iron, and fat combine? a. Body processes are regulated b. Energy is provided c. Tissue is built and repaired d. Body function is restored

Tissue is built and repaired Many nutrients are necessary to build and repair tissue, including protein, minerals, iron, and fat.

To simplify food values, the measurement of energy obtained by food is defined as the ________.

kilocalorie The kilocalorie is the energy value by which foods are measured for their energy-producing potential.