Chapter 19 Study Guide- Anatomy 2

Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in

Increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system

Which of the four vessels that branch off the subclavian artery supplies blood to structures in the thorax only?

Internal thoracic artery

In a human, if the brachiocephalic trunk was narrowed with atherosclerosis, what additional pathways would be essential to maintain blood supply to the brain?

Left common carotid and left vertebral arteries

At what sites in the body are fenestrated capillaries located?

Located in endocrine glands, the choroid plexus of the brain, absorptive areas of the intestine, and filtration areas of the kidneys

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure

Pulse

Which of these is correct regarding the permeability of a specific capillary type?

Red blood cells are too large to exit any capillary type.

Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the

Right ventricle

Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart rate and contractility

Fenestrated capillaries:

are found in the choroid plexus of the brain and the capillaries of the hypothalamus.

RBCs move single file through this structure

capillary

RBCs move single file through this structure.

capillary

The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.

capillary; interstitial fluid

Capillaries that have a complete lining are called

continuous capillaries

Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?

decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system

What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2 levels?

decreases CO2 levels

Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?

venous

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules.

What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2.

Decrease CO2 level

Identify the vessel that branches off the brachiocephalic trunk in the cat and off the aortic arch in humans.

Left common carotid artery

Describe the roles of the natriuretic peptides.

The roles of these peptides are to trigger responses whose combined effects are to decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure.

Describe the systemic circuit

Transport blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the ventricle to the right atrium

In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.

blood pressure

Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries.

Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?

carotid sinus and aortic arch

Arteries of the pulmonary circuit:

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

Which of these organs contains only continuous capillaries, not fenestrated capillaries?

cerebrum

The blood colloid pressure mostly depends on the

concentration of plasma proteins

The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal

ductus arteriosus

Identify the hormones responsible for short-term regulation of decreasing blood pressure and blood volume

epinephrine and norephrine

Sinusoids can be found in the

liver.

Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except

lungs

Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except the

lungs.

In a capillary bed, the bands of smooth muscle at the entrance to each capillary is called a(n) __________.

precapillary sphincter

Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincters.

The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.

proteins in the blood

Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?

pulmonary arteries

The right ventricle pumps blood to the __________.

pulmonary circuit

Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the

sinusoids.

Which of these structures does NOT help limit the flow of blood through capillary beds?

thoroughfare channel

Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?

tunica externa

Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue

tunica media

Which wall layer is thicker in the artery than in the vein?

tunica media

The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media.

Blood returns from the placenta in the single:

umbilical vein.

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called

vasoconstriction.

Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.

systemic venous system

Where is the majority of blood volume located during rest?

systemic venous system

Describe a capillary

A small blood vessel whose thin wall permits exchange between blood and interstitial fluid by diffusion

________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

Capillaries

________ are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network.

Collaterals

Two paired vessels supply blood to the brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. From which vessels do these arteries originate?

Common carotid and subclavian arteries

Where is blood pressure highest?

artery

Sinusoids can be found in the

liver

Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?

34 mm Hg

Calculate the mean arterial pressure for a person whose blood pressure is 125/70

88.3 mm Hg

Identify the vessel listed below that is a paired vessel.

Brachiocephalic vein

Identify the vessel that receives blood from the upper limb.

Subclavian vein

Describe the distribution of total blood volume in the body.

The volume is divided into the systemic venous system (64%), systemic arterial system (13%), in the heart (7%), pulmonary circulation (9%), and systemic capillaries (7%).

Describe the roles of the natriuretic peptides

Trigger responses whose combined effects are to decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure

A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?

an increase in heart contractility

The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the

foramen ovale

If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?

increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity

A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause

increased blood pH.

Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the

interatrial septum.

Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?

net osmotic pressure