Chapter 19 Study Guide- Anatomy 2
Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors results in
Increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system
Which of the four vessels that branch off the subclavian artery supplies blood to structures in the thorax only?
Internal thoracic artery
In a human, if the brachiocephalic trunk was narrowed with atherosclerosis, what additional pathways would be essential to maintain blood supply to the brain?
Left common carotid and left vertebral arteries
At what sites in the body are fenestrated capillaries located?
Located in endocrine glands, the choroid plexus of the brain, absorptive areas of the intestine, and filtration areas of the kidneys
The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure
Pulse
Which of these is correct regarding the permeability of a specific capillary type?
Red blood cells are too large to exit any capillary type.
Blood is pumped into the pulmonary circuit from the
Right ventricle
Stimulation of the adrenal medulla would result in which of the following?
an increase in heart rate and contractility
Fenestrated capillaries:
are found in the choroid plexus of the brain and the capillaries of the hypothalamus.
RBCs move single file through this structure
capillary
RBCs move single file through this structure.
capillary
The net hydrostatic pressure (HP) is the hydrostatic pressure in the __________ minus hydrostatic pressure in the __________.
capillary; interstitial fluid
Capillaries that have a complete lining are called
continuous capillaries
Which of the following would cause vasodilation of arterioles?
decreased activity of the sympathetic nervous system
What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2 levels?
decreases CO2 levels
Reabsorption of fluid into the capillary takes place at the arterial end or venous end of the capillary?
venous
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules.
What effect does an increase in the respiratory rate have on CO2.
Decrease CO2 level
Identify the vessel that branches off the brachiocephalic trunk in the cat and off the aortic arch in humans.
Left common carotid artery
Describe the roles of the natriuretic peptides.
The roles of these peptides are to trigger responses whose combined effects are to decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure.
Describe the systemic circuit
Transport blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the ventricle to the right atrium
In the capillaries, hydrostatic pressure (HP) is exerted by __________.
blood pressure
Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
capillaries.
Where are the sensors for the arterial baroreceptor reflex located?
carotid sinus and aortic arch
Arteries of the pulmonary circuit:
carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Which of these organs contains only continuous capillaries, not fenestrated capillaries?
cerebrum
The blood colloid pressure mostly depends on the
concentration of plasma proteins
The ligamentum arteriosum is the remnant of the fetal
ductus arteriosus
Identify the hormones responsible for short-term regulation of decreasing blood pressure and blood volume
epinephrine and norephrine
Sinusoids can be found in the
liver.
Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except
lungs
Sensory neurons that are part of the chemoreceptor reflexes are found in all of the following except the
lungs.
In a capillary bed, the bands of smooth muscle at the entrance to each capillary is called a(n) __________.
precapillary sphincter
Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincters.
The colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary is caused by __________.
proteins in the blood
Which of the following break(s) the rule that arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
pulmonary arteries
The right ventricle pumps blood to the __________.
pulmonary circuit
Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
reduces; increases
The type of capillary that permits the free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are the
sinusoids.
Which of these structures does NOT help limit the flow of blood through capillary beds?
thoroughfare channel
Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers?
tunica externa
Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue
tunica media
Which wall layer is thicker in the artery than in the vein?
tunica media
The layer of the arteriole wall that can contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the
tunica media.
Blood returns from the placenta in the single:
umbilical vein.
The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called
vasoconstriction.
Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply.
systemic venous system
Where is the majority of blood volume located during rest?
systemic venous system
Describe a capillary
A small blood vessel whose thin wall permits exchange between blood and interstitial fluid by diffusion
________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.
Capillaries
________ are multiple arteries that fuse in order to serve a single capillary network.
Collaterals
Two paired vessels supply blood to the brain: the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries. From which vessels do these arteries originate?
Common carotid and subclavian arteries
Where is blood pressure highest?
artery
Sinusoids can be found in the
liver
Which of the following would reflect the typical net hydrostatic pressure (HP) at the arterial end of the capillary?
34 mm Hg
Calculate the mean arterial pressure for a person whose blood pressure is 125/70
88.3 mm Hg
Identify the vessel listed below that is a paired vessel.
Brachiocephalic vein
Identify the vessel that receives blood from the upper limb.
Subclavian vein
Describe the distribution of total blood volume in the body.
The volume is divided into the systemic venous system (64%), systemic arterial system (13%), in the heart (7%), pulmonary circulation (9%), and systemic capillaries (7%).
Describe the roles of the natriuretic peptides
Trigger responses whose combined effects are to decrease blood volume and decrease blood pressure
A decrease in blood pressure at the arterial baroreceptors would result in which of the following?
an increase in heart contractility
The fetal structure that conducts blood from the right to left atrium is the
foramen ovale
If blood pressure is increased at the arterial baroreceptors, what would happen with the activity level of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS)?
increased PNS activity and decreased SNS activity
A decrease in blood CO2 levels would cause
increased blood pH.
Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
The foramen ovale in the fetal heart is located in the
interatrial septum.
Which net pressure draws fluid into the capillary?
net osmotic pressure