Chapter 19 Study guide
War of the Spanish Succession
A general war in Europe that broke out when Louis XIV installed his grandson on the throne of Spain
Jean Baptiste Colbert
An economic advisor to Louis XIV; he supported mercantilism and tried to make France economically self-sufficient, brought prosperity to France
Peter the Great
Czar of Russia who introduced ideas from western Europe to reform the government
Michael Romanov
First Romanov ruler
Maria Theresa
Had to fight off Prussia as soon as she inherited to the throne
How did Louis XIV strengthen the central government?
He built a palace at Versailles and moved the french government there, reorganized and increased the size of France's military, he sent men to look for new territory and expand his rule
Louis XIV
King of France, the longest reign in French history, was characterized by a magnificent court and the expansion of French influence in Europe
Cardinal Richelieu
Minister of King Louis XVIII, had the real power, wanted to curb power of nobility
Pragmatic Sanction
Provided legal basis for single line of inheritance through Maria Theresa
Gentry
The most powerful members of a society
How did the Hohenzollerns rise to power?
They were protestant, so during the reformation they helped bring the countries back together and slowly Frederick William came into power
Bloody Mary
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon who was Queen of England
burgesses
Elected representatives to an assembly
Catherine the Great
Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire
7 Years War
Established Prussia and Russia as great powers, while Britain overwhelmingly defeated the two leading Bourbon monarchies and secured a dominant position
Divine Right of Kings
God gave kings the right to rule and kings are answerable only to God
Why did James I have trouble ruling England?
He didn't have common sense in financial and political matters
How did Peter the Great use his power to change Russia?
He tried to control warm-water trading ports so Russia wasn't completely land-locked, he improved their military and weaponry, he made social changes so that women had more rights now, he modernized the army and government, made a new system of nobility
Why did Louis XIV go to war and what were the results?
He wanted to expand France's boundaries to gain more power and money- they resulted in loss of men and money on Louis' part
How did Henry IV and Cardinal Richelieu strengthen France?
Henry IV- worked to control the nobility and regain power, improved the tax system, b. Cardinal Richelieu- tried to centralize the power under one crown, strengthened the monarchy and took power and took the power away from the nobles and political rights from the Huguenots, encouraged trade and industry, took away special rights from fortified cities
Frederick the Great
King of Prussia who used the army to strengthen the nation's powers.
Great Elector
One of the greatest Hohenzollern rulers whose name was Frederick William, controlled Prussia during Seven Years War
Puritans
Put an end to elizabethian theater and all theater
Elizabeth I
Queen of England, united Protestants and Catholics through compromise
Mary Queen of Scots
Queen of Scotland, Elizabeth's heir, she plotted against Elizabeth and was executed
Intendants
Royal civil servants who implemented the king's will
In what ways was Russia isolated from western europe?
Russia's religion was Eastern Orthodox instead of Roman catholic or protestant and also Russia is almost entirely landlocked and is separated from other countries because of this
How did Catherine the Great expand Russia's territory?
She continued the expansion that Peter the Great had started, she gained new territory to the west, she successfully expanded her empire overland and not overseas, she signed treaties with foreign nations
How did Mary Tudor rule England?
She was a very determined woman that wanted to change England into a catholic nation, she had much courage and wasn't afraid to put her foot down and stand up for what she believed in
How did Elizabeth I rule England?
She was more of a gentle queen and was in touch with her english people, she also had a darker side of her that was very mean and scary at some times
Frederick William I
Son of Frederick I who became king of Prussia, doubled the size of Prussian Army; made it most efficient force in Europe
Henry IV
The first Lancastrian king of England
James I
The first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland and king of Scotland
Spanish Armada
The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II
Diplomatic Revolution
The time of changing alliances between the war of Austrian Succession and the Seven Years' War, France allied with Austria and Russia, while Prussia is allied with Great Britain
How did the habsburgs gain and hold power?
They searched for new territory, they made new laws so that their daughters could keep the control of the empire in their family's name, they made allies with powerful countries
30 Years War
This Bourbon vs. Habsburg War resulted from a conflict between the Protestant Union and the Catholic League in the Holy Roman Empire
What factors contributed to the conflict between Prussia and Austria?
When Maria Theresa was allowed to inherit the Habsburg's lands, when Frederick II led his armies into Silesia, which was one of Maria's most valuable territories, then finally they started the War of Austrian Succession that led to most of the fighting between Prussia and Austria
Balance of Power
an equilibrium of power between nations