Chapter 19: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart

The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as ____________.

Afterload

Most blood cells enter the ventricle during __________.

Atrial diastole

In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?

Atrioventricular septum

The influx of which ion accounts for the plateau phase?

Calcium

The two tube that eventually fuse to form the heart are referred to as the ___________.

Endocardial tubes

The ___________ layer secretes chemicals that help to regulate ionic environments and strength of contraction and serve as powerful vasoconstrictors

Endocardium

__________ is important in preventing back flow of blood.

Endocardium

The earliest organ to form and begin function within the developing human is the ___________.

Heart

The myocardium would be the thickest in the ____________.

Left ventricle

The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain?

Medulla oblongata

Of the three germ layers that give rise to all adult tissues and organs, which give rise to the heart?

Mesoderm

Cardiac muscle cells are unique because __________.

Only cardiac muscle is capable of auto-rhythmicity

Which component of the heart conduction system would have the slowest rate of firing?

Purkinje fibers

The first heart sound represents which portion of the cardiac cycle?

The closing of the atrioventricular valves

Valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart

Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid, aortic semilunar