Chapter 19: The Menstrual Cycle Review Questions
Menarche
The first menstrual cycle is termed: A. Amenorrhea B. Metrorrhagia C. Mittleschmerz D. Menarche
Proliferative phase
The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the: A. Secretory phase B. Follicular phase C. Luteal phase D. Proliferative phase
Follicular phase
The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the: A. Luteal phase B. Secretory phase C. Proliferative phase D. Follicular phase
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is: A. LH B. Estrogen C. FSH D. GnRH
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is: A. FSH B. Estrogen C. GnRH D. LH
hCG
The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is: A. Estrogen B. FSH C. LH D. hCG
LH
The hormone that surges at ovulation is: A. GnRH B. LH C. Aldosterone D. Progesterone
-Hyperechoic -Thick
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase? A. Anechoic and thin B. Hyperechoic and thick C. Hypoechoic and thin D. Echogenic basil layer and hypoechoic functional layer
Graafian follicle
What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation? A. Corpus albicans B. Corpus luteum C. Graafian follicle D. Blastocyst
Ovary
What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances? A. Hypothalamus B. Adrenal gland C. Ovary D. Uterus
Secretory
When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the: A. Early proliferative B. Periovulatory C. Late proliferative
Hypoechoic
When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears: A. Anechoic B. Echogenic C. Hypoechoic D. Complex
hCG
Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy? A. FSH B. LH C. Progesterone D. hCG
Estrogen
Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening? A. FSH B. LH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone
Metrorrhagia
Which of the following could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding? A. Metrorrhagia B. Polymenorrhea C. Menometrorrhagia D. Menorrhagia
Progesterone
Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle? A. LH B. FSH C. hCG D. Progesterone
Polycustic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB? A. Hirsutism B. Polycystic ovary syndrome C. Fibroids D. Pelvic inflammatory disease
Ovarian torsion
Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB? A. Endometrial hyperplasia B. Hypothyroidism C. Adenomyosis D. Ovarian torsion
Corpus albicans
Which structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed? A. Theca luteal cyst B. Corpus luteum of pregnancy C. Corpus albicans D. Cumulus oophorus
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)
A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to: A. DUB B. AUB C. Pelvic inflammatory disease D. Fibroids
Endometrial hyperplasia
An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed: A. Endometrial hyperplasia B. Endometrial atrophy C. Endometrial carcinoma D. Polyps
Late proliferative
During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign? A. Late proliferative B. Early proliferative C. Early secretory D. Late secretory
Adenomyosis
Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed: A. Endometriosis B. Adenomyosis C. Fibroids D. Endometrial hyperplasia
Anterior pituitary gland
FSH is produced by the: A. Ovary B. Endometrium C. Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary gland
Anterior pituitary gland
LH is produced by the: A. Ovary B. Endometrium C. Hypothalamus D. Anterior pituitary gland
14
Ovulation typically occurs on day — of the menstrual cycle. A. 12 B. 14 C. 16 D. 1
Dysmenorrhea
Painful and difficult menstruation is termed: A. Menorrhagia B. Dysmenorrhea C. Metrorrhagia D. Amenorrhea
Spiral arteries
The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the: A. Arcuate arteries B. Radial arteries C. Straight arteries D. Spiral arteries
28 days
The average menstrual cycle lasts: A. 45 days B. 24 days C. 26 days D. 28 days
Progesterone
The corpus luteum primarily releases: A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. LH D. FSH
Graafian follicle
The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the: A. Graafian follicle B. Ovarian hyper follicle C. Corpus luteum D. Corpus albicans
4 to 8mm
The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from: A. 6 to 10mm B. 8 to 12mm C. 4 to 8mm D. 1 to 2mm
Late proliferative phase
The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the: A. Early secretory phase B. Late proliferative phase C. Late secretory phase D. Early proliferative phase
Secretory phase
The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the: A. Secretory phase B. Follicular phase C. Luteal phase D. Proliferative phase
Luteal phase
The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the: A. Follicular phase B. Luteal phase C. Secretory phase D. Proliferative phase
Cumulus oophorus
The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the: A. Corpus luteum B. Corpus albicans C. Cumulus oophorus D. Theca internal cells
Corpus luteum
The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the: A. Corpus albicans B. Corpus luteum C. Cumulus iiphorus D. Trophoblastic cells
-LH -FSH
The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are: A. LH and FSH B. LH and estrogen C. Progesterone and estrogen D. FSH and progesterone
Progesterone
What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation? A. LH B. Estrogen C. Progesterone D. FSH
Polymenorrhea
What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart? A. Hypomenorrhea B. Polymenorrhea C. Menorrhagia D. Cryptomenorrhea
