Chapter 19: The Menstrual Cycle Review Questions

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Menarche

The first menstrual cycle is termed: A. Amenorrhea B. Metrorrhagia C. Mittleschmerz D. Menarche

Proliferative phase

The first phase of the endometrial cycle is the: A. Secretory phase B. Follicular phase C. Luteal phase D. Proliferative phase

Follicular phase

The first phase of the ovarian cycle is the: A. Luteal phase B. Secretory phase C. Proliferative phase D. Follicular phase

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

The hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates follicular development of the ovary is: A. LH B. Estrogen C. FSH D. GnRH

GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)

The hormone produced by the hypothalamus that controls the release of the hormones for menstruation by the anterior pituitary gland is: A. FSH B. Estrogen C. GnRH D. LH

hCG

The hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta is: A. Estrogen B. FSH C. LH D. hCG

LH

The hormone that surges at ovulation is: A. GnRH B. LH C. Aldosterone D. Progesterone

-Hyperechoic -Thick

What is the typical sonographic appearance of the endometrium during the secretory phase? A. Anechoic and thin B. Hyperechoic and thick C. Hypoechoic and thin D. Echogenic basil layer and hypoechoic functional layer

Graafian follicle

What structure may be noted on the ovary just prior to ovulation? A. Corpus albicans B. Corpus luteum C. Graafian follicle D. Blastocyst

Ovary

What structure produces hormones that directly act upon the endometrium to produce varying thicknesses and sonographic appearances? A. Hypothalamus B. Adrenal gland C. Ovary D. Uterus

Secretory

When the ovary is in the luteal phase, the endometrium is in the: A. Early proliferative B. Periovulatory C. Late proliferative

Hypoechoic

When the sonographic three-line sign is present, the functional layer of the endometrium typically appears: A. Anechoic B. Echogenic C. Hypoechoic D. Complex

hCG

Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy? A. FSH B. LH C. Progesterone D. hCG

Estrogen

Which hormone released by the ovary during the proliferative phase stimulates endometrial thickening? A. FSH B. LH C. Estrogen D. Progesterone

Metrorrhagia

Which of the following could also be described as intermenstrual bleeding? A. Metrorrhagia B. Polymenorrhea C. Menometrorrhagia D. Menorrhagia

Progesterone

Which of the following hormones is released by the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle? A. LH B. FSH C. hCG D. Progesterone

Polycustic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Which of the following is said to be a common cause of DUB? A. Hirsutism B. Polycystic ovary syndrome C. Fibroids D. Pelvic inflammatory disease

Ovarian torsion

Which of the following would not be a cause of AUB? A. Endometrial hyperplasia B. Hypothyroidism C. Adenomyosis D. Ovarian torsion

Corpus albicans

Which structure remains after the corpus luteum has regressed? A. Theca luteal cyst B. Corpus luteum of pregnancy C. Corpus albicans D. Cumulus oophorus

Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB)

A change in menstrual bleeding associated with lesions within the uterus relates to: A. DUB B. AUB C. Pelvic inflammatory disease D. Fibroids

Endometrial hyperplasia

An increase in the number of endometrial cells is termed: A. Endometrial hyperplasia B. Endometrial atrophy C. Endometrial carcinoma D. Polyps

Late proliferative

During which phase of the endometrial cycle would the endometrium yield the three-line sign? A. Late proliferative B. Early proliferative C. Early secretory D. Late secretory

Adenomyosis

Ectopic endometrial tissue within the uterus that leads to AUB is termed: A. Endometriosis B. Adenomyosis C. Fibroids D. Endometrial hyperplasia

Anterior pituitary gland

FSH is produced by the: A. Ovary B. Endometrium C. Hypothalamus Anterior pituitary gland

Anterior pituitary gland

LH is produced by the: A. Ovary B. Endometrium C. Hypothalamus D. Anterior pituitary gland

14

Ovulation typically occurs on day — of the menstrual cycle. A. 12 B. 14 C. 16 D. 1

Dysmenorrhea

Painful and difficult menstruation is termed: A. Menorrhagia B. Dysmenorrhea C. Metrorrhagia D. Amenorrhea

Spiral arteries

The arteries within the functional layer of the endometrium that are altered by the hormones of the ovary and are shed with menstruation are the: A. Arcuate arteries B. Radial arteries C. Straight arteries D. Spiral arteries

28 days

The average menstrual cycle lasts: A. 45 days B. 24 days C. 26 days D. 28 days

Progesterone

The corpus luteum primarily releases: A. Estrogen B. Progesterone C. LH D. FSH

Graafian follicle

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the: A. Graafian follicle B. Ovarian hyper follicle C. Corpus luteum D. Corpus albicans

4 to 8mm

The measurement of the endometrium during the early proliferative phase ranges from: A. 6 to 10mm B. 8 to 12mm C. 4 to 8mm D. 1 to 2mm

Late proliferative phase

The periovulatory phase may also be referred to as the: A. Early secretory phase B. Late proliferative phase C. Late secretory phase D. Early proliferative phase

Secretory phase

The second phase of the endometrial cycle is the: A. Secretory phase B. Follicular phase C. Luteal phase D. Proliferative phase

Luteal phase

The second phase of the ovarian cycle is called the: A. Follicular phase B. Luteal phase C. Secretory phase D. Proliferative phase

Cumulus oophorus

The structure noted within the Graafian follicle containing the developing ovum is the: A. Corpus luteum B. Corpus albicans C. Cumulus oophorus D. Theca internal cells

Corpus luteum

The temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the Graafian follicle is the: A. Corpus albicans B. Corpus luteum C. Cumulus iiphorus D. Trophoblastic cells

-LH -FSH

The two hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland that impact the menstrual cycle are: A. LH and FSH B. LH and estrogen C. Progesterone and estrogen D. FSH and progesterone

Progesterone

What hormone maintains the thickness of the endometrium after ovulation? A. LH B. Estrogen C. Progesterone D. FSH

Polymenorrhea

What is defined as frequent regular cycles but less than 21 days apart? A. Hypomenorrhea B. Polymenorrhea C. Menorrhagia D. Cryptomenorrhea


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