BIO 120 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Chap 1

Chemical level

Consists of atoms and molecules

Pelvic cavity

Contains bladder and reproductive organs

Pericardial cavity

Contains heart

Cephalic

Head

Cardiovascular physiology

Heart and blood vessel functions

Femoral

Thigh

Ventral cavity

This is the more anterior and larger of the two major cavities contains two subdividions

responsiveness

ability to detect changes in the environment then responding to them (nervous system)

Microscopic Anatomy

deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye

excretion

removal of wastes from the body

Histology

study of tissues

dorsal cavity

includes the cranial and spinal cavities.

homeostasis

maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment

Organ level

Group of tissues ex. Blood vessel

movement

1. movement of entire body 2. movement of individual cells

Anterior body landmarks

Abdominal, ante brachial, axillary, brachial, buccal, carpal, cervical, femoral, frontal, inguinal, mental, nasal, oral, orbital, patellar, pelvic, pubic, thoracic, umbilical

Regional Anatomy

All the structures of certain body region ex. Abdomin

organismal level

Any living organism (individual) multiple body systems

Deep

Anything below skin

gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)

Anything you can see with a naked eye

Brachial

Arm

Axillary

Arm pit

Lateral

Away from the midline of the body

Posterior

Back

Umbilical

Belly button

Inferior

Below; bottom

cranial cavity

Brain formed by the skull

Gluteal

Buttocks

Posterior body landmarks

Cephalic, gluteal, lumbar, vertebral

Levels of Structural Organization (smallest to largest)

Chemical level, atom, molecule, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system, organismal level

Thoracic

Chest

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment

skeletal system

Components: bones, cartilage, and joints Functions: support for the body, protection, bone marrow- blood cells

nervous system

Components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors Functions: detects and responds to changes in the environment, responds appropriately

endocrine system

Components: glands that produce hormones Functions: regulates body functions by using hormones

cardiovascular system

Components: heart, blood vessels and blood Functions: pump blood through the body, nutrients and oxygen, carry out waste

lymphatic system/immune system

Components: lymph, lymphatic tissues and structures, and some white blood cells Functions: lymph- preforms fluid collection and transport immune- fight off infection and disease

muscular system

Components: skeletal muscles Functions: movement, maintain posture, generation of heat

integumentary system

Components: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands Functions: protection from external, body temperature regulation, sensation, excretion

Tissue level

Composed of cells

Cellular level

Composed of cells made out of atoms and molecules

frontal plane (coronal plane)

Divides body into anterior and posterior halves

sagittal plane

Divides body into right and left parts

Transverse plane

Divides body into superior and inferior halves

midsagittal plane

Divides body through middle

Oblique plane

Divides the body at an angle (not straight down)

Orbital

Eye

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment

Frontal

Forehead

Spinal cavity

Formed by the vertebrae contains the spinal cord

Anterior

Front

Abdominal

Front of body, below ribs

Pubic

Genital

Intermediate

In between

Pelvic

In between hip bones

abdominopelvic cavity

Inferior division below thoracic cavity

Patellar

Knee

Lumbar

Lower back

Pleural cavity

Lungs

Medial

Middle

Abdominal cavity

Most digestive organs

Oral

Mouth

Cervical

Neck

Nasal

Nose

Parasagittal

Off to one side

Superficial

On top of skin

Neurophysiology

Study of nervous system functions

Physiology

Sub-disciplines of physiology- science of body functions

Atom

Smallest building block of matter

Thoracic cavity

Superior division surrounded by the ribs

Anatomy

The study of body structure

Systemic Anatomy

To study organ systems

Superior

Top; above

metabolism

all of the reactions that are preformed by the body

control center

brain; receives information from the receptors and determines the appropriate response then sends the response to the effector

sexual reproduction

brand new organism

digestion

breaking down complex food particles into smaller nutrients

Buccal

cheek

Mental

chin

digestive system

components: GI tract and accessory structures functions: intake of food, digestion (break down), absorption of nutrients

urinary system

components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra functions: regulation of blood composition, elimination of waste products

respiratory system

components: lungs, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi functions: move air in and out of body, gas exchange

reproductive system

components: male and female reproductive structures functions: production of sperm, production of ova, sexual reproduction

Antebrachial

forearm

cellular reproduction

formation of brand new cells

Inguinal

groin

Organ system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

Anatomical position

hands at sides, palms forward

maintaining boundaries

keeping the internal environment separate from the external environment

effector

receives information from the control center and preforms the response in order to correct whatever change occurred

positive feedback

response enhances (does same) then the original change HARMFUL example: blood clotting, labor

negative feedback

response reverses the change that occurred example: blood pressure, heart rate

Vertebral

spine

receptor

structure that monitors the conditions in the body. sends information if there are any changes to the control center

Cytology

study of cells

Molecule

two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

Carpal

wrist