BIO 120 Anatomy & Physiology 1 Chap 1
Chemical level
Consists of atoms and molecules
Pelvic cavity
Contains bladder and reproductive organs
Pericardial cavity
Contains heart
Cephalic
Head
Cardiovascular physiology
Heart and blood vessel functions
Femoral
Thigh
Ventral cavity
This is the more anterior and larger of the two major cavities contains two subdividions
responsiveness
ability to detect changes in the environment then responding to them (nervous system)
Microscopic Anatomy
deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
excretion
removal of wastes from the body
Histology
study of tissues
dorsal cavity
includes the cranial and spinal cavities.
homeostasis
maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
Organ level
Group of tissues ex. Blood vessel
movement
1. movement of entire body 2. movement of individual cells
Anterior body landmarks
Abdominal, ante brachial, axillary, brachial, buccal, carpal, cervical, femoral, frontal, inguinal, mental, nasal, oral, orbital, patellar, pelvic, pubic, thoracic, umbilical
Regional Anatomy
All the structures of certain body region ex. Abdomin
organismal level
Any living organism (individual) multiple body systems
Deep
Anything below skin
gross anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
Anything you can see with a naked eye
Brachial
Arm
Axillary
Arm pit
Lateral
Away from the midline of the body
Posterior
Back
Umbilical
Belly button
Inferior
Below; bottom
cranial cavity
Brain formed by the skull
Gluteal
Buttocks
Posterior body landmarks
Cephalic, gluteal, lumbar, vertebral
Levels of Structural Organization (smallest to largest)
Chemical level, atom, molecule, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system, organismal level
Thoracic
Chest
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
skeletal system
Components: bones, cartilage, and joints Functions: support for the body, protection, bone marrow- blood cells
nervous system
Components: brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors Functions: detects and responds to changes in the environment, responds appropriately
endocrine system
Components: glands that produce hormones Functions: regulates body functions by using hormones
cardiovascular system
Components: heart, blood vessels and blood Functions: pump blood through the body, nutrients and oxygen, carry out waste
lymphatic system/immune system
Components: lymph, lymphatic tissues and structures, and some white blood cells Functions: lymph- preforms fluid collection and transport immune- fight off infection and disease
muscular system
Components: skeletal muscles Functions: movement, maintain posture, generation of heat
integumentary system
Components: skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and oil glands Functions: protection from external, body temperature regulation, sensation, excretion
Tissue level
Composed of cells
Cellular level
Composed of cells made out of atoms and molecules
frontal plane (coronal plane)
Divides body into anterior and posterior halves
sagittal plane
Divides body into right and left parts
Transverse plane
Divides body into superior and inferior halves
midsagittal plane
Divides body through middle
Oblique plane
Divides the body at an angle (not straight down)
Orbital
Eye
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment
Frontal
Forehead
Spinal cavity
Formed by the vertebrae contains the spinal cord
Anterior
Front
Abdominal
Front of body, below ribs
Pubic
Genital
Intermediate
In between
Pelvic
In between hip bones
abdominopelvic cavity
Inferior division below thoracic cavity
Patellar
Knee
Lumbar
Lower back
Pleural cavity
Lungs
Medial
Middle
Abdominal cavity
Most digestive organs
Oral
Mouth
Cervical
Neck
Nasal
Nose
Parasagittal
Off to one side
Superficial
On top of skin
Neurophysiology
Study of nervous system functions
Physiology
Sub-disciplines of physiology- science of body functions
Atom
Smallest building block of matter
Thoracic cavity
Superior division surrounded by the ribs
Anatomy
The study of body structure
Systemic Anatomy
To study organ systems
Superior
Top; above
metabolism
all of the reactions that are preformed by the body
control center
brain; receives information from the receptors and determines the appropriate response then sends the response to the effector
sexual reproduction
brand new organism
digestion
breaking down complex food particles into smaller nutrients
Buccal
cheek
Mental
chin
digestive system
components: GI tract and accessory structures functions: intake of food, digestion (break down), absorption of nutrients
urinary system
components: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra functions: regulation of blood composition, elimination of waste products
respiratory system
components: lungs, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi functions: move air in and out of body, gas exchange
reproductive system
components: male and female reproductive structures functions: production of sperm, production of ova, sexual reproduction
Antebrachial
forearm
cellular reproduction
formation of brand new cells
Inguinal
groin
Organ system
group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
Anatomical position
hands at sides, palms forward
maintaining boundaries
keeping the internal environment separate from the external environment
effector
receives information from the control center and preforms the response in order to correct whatever change occurred
positive feedback
response enhances (does same) then the original change HARMFUL example: blood clotting, labor
negative feedback
response reverses the change that occurred example: blood pressure, heart rate
Vertebral
spine
receptor
structure that monitors the conditions in the body. sends information if there are any changes to the control center
Cytology
study of cells
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Carpal
wrist