Chapter 2, 6, 11-16, 27, 32- TEST TWO
5. A student nurse interacting with patients on a cardiac unit recognizes the four concepts in nursing theory that determine nursing practice. Of these four, which is most important?
****Person***** Environment Health Nursing
A nurse manager schedules a clinic for the staff to address common nursing interventions used in the facility and to explore how they can be performed more efficiently and effectively. What is the term for this type of theory affecting change in clinical nursing practice?
a. Prescriptive theories address nursing interventions and are designed to control, promote, and change clinical nursing practice
Concept
abstract impressions from the environment organized into symbols of reality: describes objects, properties, and events and the relationships among them.
concept
abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality
Prescriptive theories
address nursing interventions and the consequences of those interventions; they are designed to control, promote, and change clinical nursing practice.
System
a set of interacting elements, all serving the common purpose of contributing to an overall goal
Theory
a statement that explains or characterizes and action, occurrence, or event that is based on observed facts but lacks absolute or direct proof
Process
the action phase of a conceptual framework;a series of actions, changes, or functions that bring about a desired goal
Rose Marie Parse
the individual interacts with the environment and participates in maintaining help.
informed consent
the patients right to agree knowledgeably to participate in a study without coercion, or to refuse to participate without jeopardizing the care he or she will receive
How would a student nurse define a conceptual framework?
A group if interrelated objects that follow a pattern. Explanation: A conceptual framework is made up of a group of concepts (interrelated objects, descriptions, or events) that follows an understandable pattern
10. A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. What does the letterP represent?
A. Comparison to another similar treatment B. Clearly defined, focused literature review C. Specific identification of the desired outcome +++D. Explicit descriptions of the population of interest++
Nursing Theory
Differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that is serves the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care
Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave?
General systems theory Explanation: General systems theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work together in "systems." Nursing theory attempts to describe, explain, predict, and control desired outcomes of nursing care practices. Adaptation theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. Developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable.
Which method of qualitative research was developed by the discipline of anthropology?
Historical ****Ethnography**** Grounded theory Phenomenology
A charge nurse meets with staff to outline a plan to provide transcultural nursing care for patients in their health care facility. Which theorist promoted this type of caring as the central theme of nursing care, knowledge, and practice
Madeline Leininger's theory provides the foundations of transcultural nursing care by making caring the central theme of nursing.
Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?
Nursing Process Explanation: Much of what bedside nurses routinely do constitutes research. The nursing process (i.e., assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing, and evaluating) represents the basic framework of the research process.
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Nursing Theory
What is the best explanation for the way evidence based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care. Explanation: The facilitation of EBP involves identifying and evaluating current literature and research, as well as incorporating the findings into client care as a means of ensuring quality care. The other answers are incorrect; they were used even before EBP became a major force in the delivery of nursing care.
What is the central theme of Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory?
Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Explanation: Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the patient within the environment. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment.
Patricia Benner and Judith Wrubel
Nursing practice within a context of caring and skill development. caring is a common bond of person situated in a state of being that is essential to nursing
Dorothy Jonson
Nursing problems arise when there disturbances in the system or level of behavior functioning is below an optimal level.
Which of the following statements is true of the nursing process?
Scientific problem solving can occur within the nursing process. Explanation: Problem solving and the nursing process are not competing or mutually exclusive processes. Rather, both scientific problem solving and trial-and-error may take place within the nursing process. One of the strengths of the nursing process is that it is applicable to all nursing contexts
Nola pender
The goal of nursing is the optimal health of the individual with a focus on individuals make their own health care decisions
The nursing student recognizes that the most appropriate intervention for a newly diagnosed diabetic client with a nursing diagnosis of deficient knowledge is to:
The implementation phase is the phase of the nursing process in which the plan of care is carried out. It is designed to promote wellness and restore health to clients through interventions that are collaborative and nursing driven. The plan of care and implementation should be individualized and should specify client outcomes to resolve problems identified in the nursing diagnosis. Because this client has a deficient knowledge about his newly diagnosed medical condition of diabetes, the nurse needs to educate him about insulin administration in order to address the problem identified in his nursing diagnosis. Administering insulin and monitoring blood sugar and symptoms of hypo-/hyperglycemia are nursing measures used to treat the client and do not directly impact the client's knowledge deficit.
When conducting quantitative research, the researcher collects information to support a hypothesis. This information would be identified as:
The subject Variables ****Data**** The instrument
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to do what?
d) Generate knowledge to guide practice Explanation: One of the major reasons for conducting research is to expand a profession's knowledge base.
A nurse is using general systems theory to describe the role of nursing to provide health promotion and patient teaching. Which statements reflect key points of this theory? Select all that apply.
According to general systems theory, a system is a set of interacting elements contributing to the overall goal of the system. The whole system is always greater than its parts. Boundaries separate systems from each other and their environments. Systems are hierarchical in nature and are composed of interrelated subsystems that work together in such a way that a change in one element could affect other subsystems, as well as the whole. To survive, open systems maintain balance through feedback. An open system allows energy, matter, and information to move freely between systems and boundaries, whereas a closed system does not allow input from or output to the environment.
Paternalism
Making a decision for a client who is confused to prevent an injury is an example of paternalism. Deception and conflict would not promote the safety of a client who is unable to make safe decisions and confidentiality does not apply in this instance.
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Explanation: Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment.
Developmental theory
Outlines human growth as a predictable and orderly process beginning with conception and ending with death
. Which type of quantitative research is often conducted to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes?
Quasi-experimental research is often conducted in clinical settings to examine the effects of nursing interventions on patient outcomes.
The nursing instructor is teaching about nursing theories. Students are asked to identify facts related to nursing theory. Which of the following facts are true regarding nursing theory? (Select all that apply.
The ultimate outcome for nursing theory is improved client care. • Nursing theory provides a rationale for the care that nurses provide. • Nursing theories may be descriptive or prescriptive. • Nursing theory provides a focus for care that is delivered to clients.
Of the following, which best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. Explanation: Theoretic frameworks are important to the advancement of nursing knowledge and professional practice.
adaptation theory
defines a continuously occurring process that effects change and involves interaction and response
Descriptive theories
describe a phenomenon, an event, a situation, or a relationship. They further identify the properties and components of each of these as well as the circumstances in which it occurs.
General system theory
emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave
Quantitative research
involves the concepts of basic and applied research
A newly diagnosed diabetic has been sent home after in-depth education regarding the diabetic management plan. Because the client is a new diabetic, the nurse included in his plan of care a risk for unstable glucose. What is the most appropriate short-term outcome for this nursing diagnosis in this client? The client will:
maintain a blood sugar between 70 mg/dL and 110 mg/dL. Explanation: Outcomes can be short- or long-term, and short-term outcomes should describe a single, observable, and measurable behavior. Maintaining a blood sugar between 70 and 110 mg/dL is short-term and is a single, observable, measurable outcome. Logging meals for 6 weeks, and maintaining a normal Hgb A1C are more long-term goals. Not exhibiting signs and symptoms of hypo-/hyperglycemia is not as measurable/observable as monitoring the blood sugar
In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which of the following professional values?
ntegrity Explanation: The nurse is demonstrating integrity, which is defined as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted standards of practice. Seeking to remedy errors made by self or others is an example of integrity. Altruism is a concern for the welfare and being of others. Social justice is upholding moral, legal, and humanistic principles. Human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations.
Margaret Newman
nursing interventions are purposeful,using a total person approach to patient care to help individuals and families and groups attain and maintain wellness
Jean Watson
nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick
Philosophy
the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to develop and construct our perceptions of life