Chapter 2
Drivetrain layouts accommodate how many common drive wheel arrangements?
4
final drive
A component that provides a final gear reduction and allows for the difference in speed of each wheel when cornering.
viscous coupling
A device that acts like a limited slip clutch.
torque converter
A device that is turned by the crankshaft and transmits torque to the input shaft of an automatic transmission.
Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
A drive train layout in which the engine drives the front wheels.
All-wheel drive
A drivetrain arrangement in which all of the wheels drive the vehicle.
Rear-wheel drive
A drivetrain layout in which the engine drives the rear wheels.
sport utility vehicle (SUV)
A passenger vehicle built on a light-truck chassis; it is usually equipped with four-wheel drive and capable of hauling heavier loads than typical passenger vehicles.
W Engine
A term used to describe an engine configuration that consists of two VR cylinder banks in a deep V arrangement.
V Engine
A term used to describe an engine configuration that has two banks of cylinders sitting side by side in a V arrangement sharing a common crankshaft.
VR engine
A term used to describe an engine configuration that uses a single bank of cylinders staggered at a shallow 15-degree V.
Transverse
A term used to describe the side-to-side engine orientation when mounted in the engine compartment.
Drivetrain
A term used to identify the engine, transmission/trans axle, differential, axles, and wheels
station wagon
A vehicle configuration with four doors, with a roof line that continues into the rear cargo area and rear door for access.
unibody design
A vehicle design that does not use a rigid frame to support the body; constructed of a large number of steel sheet metal panels that are precisely formed in presses and spot-welded together into a structural unit
Convertible
A vehicle that converts from having an enclosed top to having an open top by a roof that can be removed, retracted, or folded away.
steering system
Allows the vehicle to track straight while
in-line engine
An engine in which the cylinders are arranged side by side in a single row.
rotary engine
An engine that uses a triangular rotor turning in a housing instead of conventional pistons.
Safety system
An important system on the vehicle that is designed to protect the vehicle's occupants as well as provide a level of accident avoidance
piston engine
An internal combustion engine that uses cylindrical pistons moving back and forth in a cylinder to extract mechanical energy from chemical energy.
Lee Iacocca
Became a millionaire from Chrysler
Climate control system
Clears the windshield of fog and frost and maintains a comfortable temperature and humidity inside the vehicle
Emission system
Controls and reduces the amount of harmful emissions that the powertrain creates
Ignition system
Creates and delivers high-voltage sparks at the right time to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber
SRS system
Designed to protect occupants by both restraining them and cushioning them in an accident
Transmission system
Extends the operating range by increasing the engines torque or speed
An automatic transmission or transaxle performs similar functions to a manual transmission or transaxle, except that gear selection can be automatically controlled
Hydrostatically or electronically
Suspension system
Keeps the tires in contact with the road surface while absorbing road harshness; also reduces vehicle body sway and dive during vehicle maneuvers
Lubrication system
Lubricates the internal components of the engine for long life and quiet operation
Crash avoidance system
Monitors the area around the vehicle and anticipates potential accidents and either alerts the driver or takes evasive actions
TPMS systems
Monitors tire pressure and warns the driver of tires with low tire pressure
Powertrain system
One of the most major systems on the vehicle; contains several smaller subsystems to get its job done, which is to power the vehicle down the road as well as to provide for all on-vehicle power
Coupe
Only has two doors with two smaller seats in the back.
Entertainment system
Provides entertainment such as audio, video, and internet to vehicle occupants
Cooling system
Regulates the temperature of the engine so it operates at the ideal temperature for efficiency and long life
Fuel System
Stores and delivers the proper amount of fuel to the engine's combustion chambers
Differential Gear Set
The arrangement of gears between two axles that allows each axle to spin at its own speed when the vehicle is going around a corner.
Chassis
The main support frame in a vehicle. It includes the running gear, such as suspension, the engine, and the drivetrain.
Electrical system
The nerve center of the vehicle; electricity is used in all of the vehicle's systems for both control and possibly power
Engine System
The powerplant of the vehicle; this system converts gasoline energy or electrical energy into mechanical energy
Driveshaft
The shaft or tube fitted with universal couplings that is connected between the transmission and other drivetrain components to transmit torque and rotation.
"Body on frame"
The term used when a vehicle body is mounted on a rigid frame or chassis.
engine configuration
The way engine cylinders are arranged - for example, V, flat, or in-line.
Charging system
Used to both charge the vehicle's battery as well as run the entire vehicle's electrical system when the engine is running
Starting system
Used to crank the engine over so that it will start and run. This is usually performed by an electric starter motor
lighting system
Used to illuminate both the outside and the inside of the vehicle, including warning lights
Braking system
Used to slow or stop the vehicle; must be capable of doing so quickly and on all types of surfaces
four-wheel drive
a drivetrain layout in which the engine drive has either two wheels or four wheels, depending on which mode is selected by the driver.
flywheel
a heavy disk bolted to the rear of the crankshaft that smooths out the power pulses and stores energy from the power stroke for use in keeping the crankshaft rotating through the other three strokes.
Truck
a large, heavy vehicle used for carrying cargo.
minivan
a lighter-duty van used for carrying six to eight occupants or light cargo.
Axle
a shaft connected to wheels that transmits the driving torque to the wheels
longitudinal
a term used to describe the front-to-back engine orientation when mounted in the engine compartment.
Torque
a twisting force
pick up
a vehicle that carries cargo; it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan.
Hatchback
a vehicle that has a shared passenger and cargo area; typically available in three- and five-door arrangements.
Sedan
an enclosed body, with a maximum of four doors to allow access to the passenger compartment.
horizontally opposed engine
an engine with two banks of cylinders, 180 degrees apart, on opposite sides of the crankshaft. Also called "Flat engine" or a "Boxer" engine.
the wheels and axles on a live axle are called?
drive wheels and drive axles
The transmission or transaxle contains sets of gears that increase or decrease the torque, which allows the vehicle to have?
higher road speed in higher gears.
live axles use...
the engine's torque to turn the wheels
