Chapter 2
____________ says that larger computer classes are more cost-efficient than smaller ones - a statement that doesn't accurately describe modern computing hardware.
Grosch's Law
WWW resources are identified and accessed by a(n) ____________.
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) ____________.
algorithm
A(n) ____________ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.
cluster
A(n) ____________ consists of hardware and software components that enable multiple users and computer to share information, software, and hardware resources.
computer network
The major components of a CPU are the ____________, ____________, and ____________.
control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers
The CPU ____________ program instructions one at a time.
executes
A program that solves a(n) ____________ requires no branching instructions.
formula
. A CPU is a(n) ____________ processor capable of performing many different tasks simply by changing the program.
general-purpose
. A(n) ____________ is a group of dissimilar computer systems, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application.
grid
A(n) ____________ is a command to the CPU to perform one processing function on one or more data inputs.
instruction
Types or classes of larger servers include ____________, which are generally optimized for data storage and I/O capability, and ____________, which are generally optimized for computational capacity and speed
mainframes, supercomputers
The term ____________ refers to storage devices, not located in the CPU, that hold instructions and data of currently running programs.
memory or main memory
Primary storage can also be called ____________ and is generally implemented with ____________.
memory or main memory, RAM
A(n) ____________ is the most common type of system software.
operating system
7. Most programs are written in a(n) ____________, such as FORTRAN or Java, which is then translated into equivalent CPU instructions
programming lanugage
A(n) ____________ is a storage location implemented in the CPU.
register
6. The term ____________ describes the collection of storage devices that hold large quantities of data for long periods.
secondary storage
A(n) ____________ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network.
server
. A(n) ____________ typically uses the latest and most expensive technology.
supercomputer
The __________ enables the CPU, primary storage, and secondary storage devices to communicate
system bus
____________ is a technique that enables a single computer to host multiple virtual machines.
virtualization
Key characteristics that distinguish primary and secondary storage include cost, capacity, speed, and ____________.
volatility