Chapter 2

____________ says that larger computer classes are more cost-efficient than smaller ones - a statement that doesn't accurately describe modern computing hardware.

Grosch's Law

WWW resources are identified and accessed by a(n) ____________.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

A problem-solving procedure that requires executing one or more comparison and branch instructions is called a(n) ____________.

algorithm

A(n) ____________ is a group of similar or identical computers, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run a shared application.

cluster

A(n) ____________ consists of hardware and software components that enable multiple users and computer to share information, software, and hardware resources.

computer network

The major components of a CPU are the ____________, ____________, and ____________.

control unit, arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers

The CPU ____________ program instructions one at a time.

executes

A program that solves a(n) ____________ requires no branching instructions.

formula

. A CPU is a(n) ____________ processor capable of performing many different tasks simply by changing the program.

general-purpose

. A(n) ____________ is a group of dissimilar computer systems, connected by a high-speed network, that cooperate to provide services or run an application.

grid

A(n) ____________ is a command to the CPU to perform one processing function on one or more data inputs.

instruction

Types or classes of larger servers include ____________, which are generally optimized for data storage and I/O capability, and ____________, which are generally optimized for computational capacity and speed

mainframes, supercomputers

The term ____________ refers to storage devices, not located in the CPU, that hold instructions and data of currently running programs.

memory or main memory

Primary storage can also be called ____________ and is generally implemented with ____________.

memory or main memory, RAM

A(n) ____________ is the most common type of system software.

operating system

7. Most programs are written in a(n) ____________, such as FORTRAN or Java, which is then translated into equivalent CPU instructions

programming lanugage

A(n) ____________ is a storage location implemented in the CPU.

register

6. The term ____________ describes the collection of storage devices that hold large quantities of data for long periods.

secondary storage

A(n) ____________ is a computer that manages shared resources and allows other computers to access them through a network.

server

. A(n) ____________ typically uses the latest and most expensive technology.

supercomputer

The __________ enables the CPU, primary storage, and secondary storage devices to communicate

system bus

____________ is a technique that enables a single computer to host multiple virtual machines.

virtualization

Key characteristics that distinguish primary and secondary storage include cost, capacity, speed, and ____________.

volatility