Chapter 2 Cell Structure and Function Review for State Test Quiz (2019)

has no membrane-bound nucleus

A bacterium is classified as a prokaryote because it ___. a. has cilia b. has no membrane-bound nucleus c. is a single cell d. has no DNA

tissue

A cross section of a plant stem is shown. The epidermis is made up of a single layer of cells. The epidermis represents which level of organization? a. tissue b. organ c. system d. organism

moss (because moss is a plant)

A diagram of a cell is shown. The cell shown is found in which type of organism? a. bacterium b. moss c. paramecium d. yeast

endoplasmic reticulum

After a protein is constructed at the ribosome, it can be transported to the golgi complex for modification. What cellular structure is used in this transport? a. lysosome b. mitochondrion c. nuclear pore d. endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

Cells that make up the heart muscle must supply constant energy to keep the heart pumping. When compared to skin cells that need much less energy, the cells of the heart would have more of which organelle? a. vacuoles b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. centrioles

C

Compare the drawings below. Which one represents a prokaryotic cell?

viruses lack cellular organization

Consider the following characteristics of viruses: 1. Viruses are not specific to their hosts 2. Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as genetic material 3. Viruses are extraordinarily small in size 4. Viruses lack cellular organization Which one of these characteristics explains why viruses are unable to reproduce on their own? Characteristic 1 Characteristic 2 Characteristic 3 Characteristic 4

tissues

In living organisms, many cells of the same types combine to form what structures? a. organelles b. organs c. systems d. tissues

bermuda grass

In the grana of a chloroplast, sunlight energy is used to split water molecules and provide cellular energy. In the cells of which type of organism would this process occur? a. tree frog b. bread mold c. bermuda grass d. monarch butterfly

a tissue

In vascular plants, xylem and phloem are groups of cells that transport water and minerals throughout the plant. These cells function together to form which of the following? a. a tissue b. an organ c. a system d. an organism

B

Organisms have levels of organization from simple to complex. Which of the following diagrams represents an organ system?

cellulose

The cell walls of plants are composed mainly of ___. a. amino acids b. nucleotides c. cellulose d. cytoplasm

it lacks a nuclear membrane

The diagram shows a prokaryotic cell. Which characteristic distinguishes this cell from a eukaryotic cell? It has a cell membrane It stores genetic information in DNA It lacks a nuclear membrane It possesses a cell wall

protein synthesis

The diagram shows a typical animal cell. What is the function of the structure shown by the arrow? a. Diffusion b. Energy production c. protein synthesis d. Reproduction

viruses lack materials to build new particles and rely on hos cells to provide these materials

The diagram shows a virus. Biologists do not think that viruses should be living. Which statement is evidence these scientists would use to support their argument that viruses are not living? a.Viruses lack genetic materials and have no way to pass traits to their offspring b.Viruses lack layers of protection and will be destroyed by larger molecules c.Viruses lack methods of autotrophic nutrition and will not be able to produce energy d.Viruses lack materials to build new particles and rely on host cells to provide these materials

tissues

The human eye is an organ because it is made up of a group of ___ working together. a. tissues b. systems c. cells d. organelles

considered a nonliving particle

The image shows a particle that causes the flu with a list of its characteristics. 1.Contains RNA as genetic material 2.Uses host's cell to replicate 3.Spreads through the air What other characteristic can be included in the bulleted list? a.Considered a nonliving particle b.Larger than a prokaryote cell c.Reproduces slowly outside the host cell d.Contains mitochondria for energy production

organelles

The membrane bound structures that are found in eukaryotic cells are called ___. a. organs b. cytoplasm c. organelles d. golgi apparatus

variation in gene expression

The picture shows the differentiation of a blood stem cell into different types of cells. All these cells differ from each other in shape and function. What causes the differentiation of blood stem cells into new cells with different shapes and functions? a. Meiosis b. Mutation c. increased rate of mitosis d. Variation in gene expression

Golgi apparatus

The post office functions to process, package, and distribute. Which cell organelle has a similar function? a. Chloroplast b. Golgi apparatus c. mitochondrion d. Plasma membrane

golgi apparatus

The sorting and organization of proteins occurs in a cell's ___. (packages like a post office) a. mitochondria b. vacuoles c. Golgi apparatus d. endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

The substance shown above is produced what part of a eukaryotic cell? (you need to decide what it is first, before you can know where it is made) a. cell wall b. nucleus c. ribosomes d. vacuoles

a flagellum

This bacterium is able to move by using what structure? a. a flagellum b. pseudopods c. cilia d. a contractile vacuole

cilia

What does the paramecium use in order to move through the water? a. flagella b. pseudopods c. cilia d. contractile vacuole

cell

What is the basic level of living structure and function in organisms? a. atom b. cell c. electron d. tissue

to protect and support the cell

What is the function of a cell wall? a. to protect and support the cell b. to perform different functions in each cell c. to prevent water from passing through it d. to prevent oxygen from entering the cell

storage of water

What is the main function of a vacuole? a. storage of water b. synthesis of energy c. replication of DNA d. formation of proteins

protein

What is this a drawing of? a. Carbohydrate b. Protein c. lipid d. Nucleic acid

cell membrane

What part of the cell has a similar function to a school security guard, whose job it is to control who enters and leaves the school? a. nucleus b. golgi body c. mitochondria d. cell membrane

chloroplasts

What structure in plants cells captures light energy to produce food? a. chloroplasts b. mitochondria c. cilia d. microfilaments

the presence of a cell wall

Which characteristic distinguishes a plant cell from an animal cell? a. the presence of a cell membrane b. the presence of a vacuole c. the presence of a nucleus d. the presence of a cell wall

both cells contain genetic material (DNA)

Which of the following is a characteristic of both a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell? a. both cells lack a nucleus b. both cells undergo meiosis c. both cells contain a mitochondrion d. both cells contain genetic material (DNA)

genetic material (DNA)

Which of the following is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. genetic material (DNA) b vacuole c. endoplasmic reticulum d. nucleus

mitochondrion

Which of the following organelles is MOST responsible for energy production within the cell? a. vacuole b. nucleus c. mitochondrion d. ribosome

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

Which of the following shows the organization levels from simplest to most complex in a multicellular organism? a. systems, cells, organs, tissues b. tissues, systems, cells, organs c. organs, tissues, systems, cells d. cells, tissues, organs, organ systems

only animals are composed of cells

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory? a.cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things b.all cells are produced from other cells c.only animals are composed of cells d.all living things are composed of cells

all cells are produced from other cells

Which of the following statements is part of the cell theory? a.only plants are composed of cells b.all cells are produced from other cells c.cells can be produced from nonliving matter d.cells are one of several basic units of structure and function in living things

respiratory system

Which of the following structures represents the highest level of organization in a human? a. brain cell b. muscle tissue c. stomach d. respiratory system

a colony of bacteria

Which of the following would be made of prokaryotic cells? a. a group of fungi b. a colony of protists c. a rose bush d. a colony of bacteria

nucleus

Which organelle is the control center of a cell? a. mitochondria b. ribosome c. nucleus d. chloroplast

chloroplasts

Which organelles are large, green structures found only in plant cells? They capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell. a. lysosomes b. golgi apparatus c. chloroplasts d. mitochondria

mitochondria

Which organelles produce most of the energy needed by a cell? a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. ribosomes d. vacuoles

ribosomes

Which organelles produce proteins in the cell? a. golgi apparatus b. chloroplasts c. ribosomes d. Vacuoles

lysosomes

Which organelles release chemicals that break down large food particles into smaller ones and destroy old worn out cell parts and substances like bacteria? a. endoplasmic reticulum b. golgi apparatus c. lysosomes d. Vacuoles

vacuoles

Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell? a. mitochondria b. chloroplasts c. ribosomes d. vacuoles

chloroplasts and cell wall

Which two organelles could be found in plant cells but not animal cells? a. nuclear envelope and cytoplasm b. chloroplasts and cell wall c. cell membrane and centrioles d. mitochondria and ribosomes