CHAPTER 2: ELEMENTS OF DESIGN

two points create

a distance and implied direction between the two points

plane

a form with two dominant dimensions, length & width space is typically defined by planar surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors

definition of color

a physical property of visible light that is one part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum which includes other radiation like x rays and infrared light

point

a position with no dimension, perceived when a two dimensionally perceived object appears relatively small in relationship to the plane against which it is seen

what does points used in groups create?

a static composition or dynamic one and energize the plane on which they are place

what are colors created with light called?

additive color?

brewster system

also known as Prang color system that organizes color pigments into three primary colors, red, blue, and yellow

line

an object or form whose actual or visual length greatly exceeds any actual width or depth it may have conveys a very strong directional sense and can affect a person's feeling about a space

what happens when a neutral gray appears on a red background

appears cool

what happens when a neutral gray is placed on a blue background

appears warm

hue

basic color, that attribute by which, for example blue is distinguished from red

form

basic shape and configuration of an object or space (often the way we first distinguish one thing as being different from one another) i.e. form of chair different from form of the wall behind it

subtractive colors

colores created with pigments

munsell color is characterized by

combination of letters and number G/6/3 Green, value of 6, chroma position of 3

volume with regular definite shape

cubic, cylindrical

words used to describe form

cylindrical, flat, square, linear

volume (void - negative space)

defined by planes or other elements

munsell system

defines color using three scales in three dimensions to specify the value of hue, value, and chroma (intensity)

color value

describes the degree of lightness or darkness of color in relation to white and black

what are diagonal lines typically perceived?

dynamic, often represent movement, either upward or downward depending on slope

what happens when two non complementary colors are placed together?

each appears to tint the other with its own complement making appear as if the two colors will seem farther apart

monochromatic

employs one hue with variations only in intensity and value best used where a neutral background is needed for other actives, as in an art gallery

what part of the body give perceive variations in wavelengths to give the sensation of color?

eye and brain

tetrad color scheme

four colors equally spaced around the wheel, one or two colors should be dominant and others be lower chorma

volume with regular shape

free-form or complex

volume (solid - positive space)

has mass and appears to occupy space

complementary color

hue of the color opposite on the color wheel

the three basic qualities of color

hue, value, and intensity (chroma)

complimentary color scheme

hues of opposite side

most common scale

human scale

what happens when two primary colors are seen together?

it will end to appear tinted with the third primary

form is generated with

lines, planes, volumes, and points

what does a single point create?

location or position

color

most dominate perceptions of the physical world and one of the most powerful tools for interior design. at the same time it is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenon to understand and use correctly.

when all colors of pigment are present in equal amounts what does the viewer perceive?

no color or black

actual texture

physical quality that can be sensed by touch

what helps determine the form of space with the additional characteristics of shape, texture, color and pattern?

plane

what color has the longest wavelength?

red

three primary color

red, green, and blue

curved lines are typically perceived?

relate more to the natural world and the human body, graceful and suggest mental movement can be either geometric like circles arc and ellipses, or free form

scale

relative size of something as related to another element of known size

what are horizontal lines typically perceived as?

restful, stable, and related to the plane of the earth

what can give space an intimate feeling or monumental character as well as provide emphasis and contrast or to harmonize otherwise diverse forms?

scale

proportion

simply the relationship for parts of composition to each other and to the whole

what are vertical lines typically perceived as?

strength, equilibrium, permanence, and a strong upward movement

volume with dominate characteristics

tall, narrow, curvilinear, or pie shaped

color of an object is conveyed by

the color of light the object absorbed and the amount of light it reflects to the eye

color intensity (or chroma)

the degree of purity of the hue

triad color scheme

three colors equally spaced around the wheel (yellow orange, blue green, and red violet..)

adding a complement to a hue creates

tone

volume

true three dimensional aspect of interior design because an object with volume is clearly perceived as a spatial form having length, width, and depth can be solid or void (positive, negative space, or figure ground)

shape

unique characteristic of an objet or space that defines it as distinct from adjacent objects or spaces distinguished by planar or volumetric forms and can be geometric like square, circle or cylinder regular (free form table) natural (tree)

analogous color scheme

use hues that are close to each other on the color wheel does not extend beyond one 90 degree segment of the color wheel. works best if one color is dominant and the others are subordinate

what color has the shortest wavelength?

violet

color is differentiated by

wavelength

visual texture

what people imagine a surface to be simply by looking it and based on a memory or similar texture

simultaneous contrast

when an identical value placed against two contrasting background

shade

when black is added to a hue, value is lowered

tone

when gray is added to the same value of hue

tertiary color

when primary color is mixed with an adjacent secondary color on the color wheel

secondary colors are created how and what colors are they?

when the primary colors are combined in equal parts they create, violet, orange, and green

tint

when white is added to a hue, value is raised

when are lines formed and perceived?

where one plane meets another, where edges occurs, and were there is a change in material, texture, or color

what color light is perceived when all colors of light are present in equal amount?

white light

munsell system 5 primary hues

yellow, green, blue, purple, and red

primary pigments in printing

yellow, magenta, and cyan

three primary colors of pigments

yellow, red, and blue