CHAPTER 2: ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
two points create
a distance and implied direction between the two points
plane
a form with two dominant dimensions, length & width space is typically defined by planar surfaces such as walls, ceilings, and floors
definition of color
a physical property of visible light that is one part of the larger electromagnetic spectrum which includes other radiation like x rays and infrared light
point
a position with no dimension, perceived when a two dimensionally perceived object appears relatively small in relationship to the plane against which it is seen
what does points used in groups create?
a static composition or dynamic one and energize the plane on which they are place
what are colors created with light called?
additive color?
brewster system
also known as Prang color system that organizes color pigments into three primary colors, red, blue, and yellow
line
an object or form whose actual or visual length greatly exceeds any actual width or depth it may have conveys a very strong directional sense and can affect a person's feeling about a space
what happens when a neutral gray appears on a red background
appears cool
what happens when a neutral gray is placed on a blue background
appears warm
hue
basic color, that attribute by which, for example blue is distinguished from red
form
basic shape and configuration of an object or space (often the way we first distinguish one thing as being different from one another) i.e. form of chair different from form of the wall behind it
subtractive colors
colores created with pigments
munsell color is characterized by
combination of letters and number G/6/3 Green, value of 6, chroma position of 3
volume with regular definite shape
cubic, cylindrical
words used to describe form
cylindrical, flat, square, linear
volume (void - negative space)
defined by planes or other elements
munsell system
defines color using three scales in three dimensions to specify the value of hue, value, and chroma (intensity)
color value
describes the degree of lightness or darkness of color in relation to white and black
what are diagonal lines typically perceived?
dynamic, often represent movement, either upward or downward depending on slope
what happens when two non complementary colors are placed together?
each appears to tint the other with its own complement making appear as if the two colors will seem farther apart
monochromatic
employs one hue with variations only in intensity and value best used where a neutral background is needed for other actives, as in an art gallery
what part of the body give perceive variations in wavelengths to give the sensation of color?
eye and brain
tetrad color scheme
four colors equally spaced around the wheel, one or two colors should be dominant and others be lower chorma
volume with regular shape
free-form or complex
volume (solid - positive space)
has mass and appears to occupy space
complementary color
hue of the color opposite on the color wheel
the three basic qualities of color
hue, value, and intensity (chroma)
complimentary color scheme
hues of opposite side
most common scale
human scale
what happens when two primary colors are seen together?
it will end to appear tinted with the third primary
form is generated with
lines, planes, volumes, and points
what does a single point create?
location or position
color
most dominate perceptions of the physical world and one of the most powerful tools for interior design. at the same time it is one of the most complex physical and psychological phenomenon to understand and use correctly.
when all colors of pigment are present in equal amounts what does the viewer perceive?
no color or black
actual texture
physical quality that can be sensed by touch
what helps determine the form of space with the additional characteristics of shape, texture, color and pattern?
plane
what color has the longest wavelength?
red
three primary color
red, green, and blue
curved lines are typically perceived?
relate more to the natural world and the human body, graceful and suggest mental movement can be either geometric like circles arc and ellipses, or free form
scale
relative size of something as related to another element of known size
what are horizontal lines typically perceived as?
restful, stable, and related to the plane of the earth
what can give space an intimate feeling or monumental character as well as provide emphasis and contrast or to harmonize otherwise diverse forms?
scale
proportion
simply the relationship for parts of composition to each other and to the whole
what are vertical lines typically perceived as?
strength, equilibrium, permanence, and a strong upward movement
volume with dominate characteristics
tall, narrow, curvilinear, or pie shaped
color of an object is conveyed by
the color of light the object absorbed and the amount of light it reflects to the eye
color intensity (or chroma)
the degree of purity of the hue
triad color scheme
three colors equally spaced around the wheel (yellow orange, blue green, and red violet..)
adding a complement to a hue creates
tone
volume
true three dimensional aspect of interior design because an object with volume is clearly perceived as a spatial form having length, width, and depth can be solid or void (positive, negative space, or figure ground)
shape
unique characteristic of an objet or space that defines it as distinct from adjacent objects or spaces distinguished by planar or volumetric forms and can be geometric like square, circle or cylinder regular (free form table) natural (tree)
analogous color scheme
use hues that are close to each other on the color wheel does not extend beyond one 90 degree segment of the color wheel. works best if one color is dominant and the others are subordinate
what color has the shortest wavelength?
violet
color is differentiated by
wavelength
visual texture
what people imagine a surface to be simply by looking it and based on a memory or similar texture
simultaneous contrast
when an identical value placed against two contrasting background
shade
when black is added to a hue, value is lowered
tone
when gray is added to the same value of hue
tertiary color
when primary color is mixed with an adjacent secondary color on the color wheel
secondary colors are created how and what colors are they?
when the primary colors are combined in equal parts they create, violet, orange, and green
tint
when white is added to a hue, value is raised
when are lines formed and perceived?
where one plane meets another, where edges occurs, and were there is a change in material, texture, or color
what color light is perceived when all colors of light are present in equal amount?
white light
munsell system 5 primary hues
yellow, green, blue, purple, and red
primary pigments in printing
yellow, magenta, and cyan
three primary colors of pigments
yellow, red, and blue