Chapter 2: End of Chapter Questions
In a research survey, you have no particular opinion on the topic of discussion. Uncertain of how to respond, you tend to agree with most of the questions that the survey is asking. This is an example of:
A Acquiescent bias ** B Social desirability bias C Extreme survey bias. D Moderated survey bias
Extraneous variables are:
A Additional variables that the researcher can collect to identify relationships researcher measures B Unwanted variables that can affect the measurements we are interested in ** C The variable the researcher controls during the experiment D Things that can affect the experimenter's attempts to interpret findings
The Tuskegee researchers violated this ethical principle when they failed to tell participants about the true nature of the study when recruiting participants.
A Beneficence and Nonmaleficence B Fidelity and Responsibility C Integrity D Justice E Respect for People's Rights and Dignity**
To definitively support a hypothesis, researchers must demonstrate that the results have ______________.
A Central tendency B Standard deviation C Statistical significance** D Mean, median and mode
A researcher is conducting an experiment to test if meditation helps improve focus and attention in class. During one of the meditation sessions, the fire alarm disrupts the amount of time some students have to meditate. In this example, the fire alarm is what type of variable?
A Dependent variable. B Independent variable. C Disruptive variable. D Extraneous variable. ** E Confusing variable
In psychology research, Internal Review Boards do which of the following? (Select all that apply)
A Ensure that sound research methods are used during the study** B Reviews results of experiments to ensure that they have been ethically reported. C Only review experiments that they are also the researchers in. D Evaluate the potential risks and benefits of participation E Ensure that all participants will be provided with enough information to make an informed decision to participate.**
The goal of a descriptive study is to:
A Establish causation between two or more variables B Perform research by experiments C Find a correlation between two or more variables D Gather data about a given subject **
Experimental research is the only type of research that enables researchers to make conclusions about:
A Group differences B The change of variables over time C Relationships among variable D Cause and effect **
You perform an experiment and carefully ensure that only the independent variable caused changes to the dependent variable. In this case, our experiment has
A Internal validity. ** B External validity. C Integrity. D Reproducibility.
Which of the following numbers appears in the middle of a data set?
A Mean B Median ** C Mode D Standard deviation
An investigator tests a hypothesis about personal space by measuring (unobtrusively) the distance between a speaker and a listener as they are observed conversing in pairs or in groups of three on a college campus. What is the dependent variable in this statement?
A Pairs or groups of three B Distance between speaker and listener ** C Tests a hypothesis D Personal space
An investigator tests a hypothesis about personal space by measuring (unobtrusively) the distance between a speaker and a listener as they are observed conversing in pairs or in groups of three on a college campus. What is the independent variable in this statement?
A Pairs or groups of three ** B Distance between speaker and listener C Tests a hypothesis D Personal space
Three commonly used measures of the spread of data are:
A Range, variance, and standard deviation** B Average deviation, range, variance C Spread, variance, average deviation D Mode, spread, average deviation
The story of Henry Moliason is a good example of a case study because:
A Researchers treated his memory impairment by researching many similar studies. B Researchers manipulated the independent variables to determine the cause of his injury. C Researchers studied him and gained valuable information about memory that could be used to formulate hypotheses and generate future research. ** D Researchers determined that brain injuries do cause limited memory impairment.
All members that belong to a group is called a ______________?
A Sample B Family C Subset D Population ** E Cluster
In what type of sampling do all members of a population have an equal chance of being selected?
A Stratified random sampling B Simple random sampling ** C Grouped random sampling D Pseudo random Sampling
What type of random sampling first divides members of a population into different groups before selection?
A Stratified random sampling ** B Simple random sampling C Grouped random sampling D Pseudo random sampling
Which of the following is an example of the Hawthorne effect?
A Students failed to respond to a class survey they were sent because they didn't think it mattered. B A research failed to make note of a behavior because they thought it didn't matter. C A researcher only looked for instances that would affirm their research hypothesis. D Students came to more classes when they knew attendance would be taken. **
Psychologists use statistical analysis to ______________.
A Test whether there is a better hypothesis than the one they were using B Test whether the data from an experiment rejects or fails to reject their hypothesis** C Make sure the data rejects all previous hypotheses D Make sure the data supports their hypothesis E Draw conclusions from the hypothesis used
Standard deviation measures are:
A The average of the data B The total spread of data C The size of the range of data D The spread of data around the mean**
What is not true of the following data set: {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 10}?
A The mean is 6 B The median is 7 ** C The mode is 7
The term 'beneficence' would best apply to which of the following?
A The results of the study are accurately portrayed when published B The rights of researchers have been adequately protected C The research benefits outweigh the costs that participants may experience**
Students attending a class are asked to listen to a lecture under three different levels of illumination while researcher record signs of attention. What is the dependent variable in this statement?
A Three different levels of illumination B Asked to listen C Attention ** D Researcher records
Students attending a class are asked to listen to a lecture under three different levels of illumination while researchers record signs of attention. What is the independent variable in this statement?
A Three different levels of illumination ** B Asked to listen C Attention D Researcher records
Why are control groups important in experiments?
A To ensure that all the population is accurately represented B To allow for a comparison with the experimental group ** C To disprove the hypothesis D To test the effect of more than one treatment
Which of the following questions would address the internal validity of an experiment?
A Who can the results be generalized to? B Can changes in the DV be explained only by manipulation of the IV? ** C Is the sample representative of the population? D Can we reproduce the same findings with a different sample?
A correlation coefficient equal to +1.00 between scores on a written driver's license test and performance on a practical driving test means that:
A Written test performance causes better performance on a practical test B Higher practical test scores are associated with lower written performance C Written test performance is associated with increased performance on a practical test ** D There is no relationship between written and practical performance
In which part of the scientific method does a scientist propose a problem to solve?
A When asking a question ** B During the observation C During the experiment D During the analysis
Identify which of the following terms best corresponds to each of the descriptions.
Premise/Response 1. Asking people who they will vote for in an election -- C. survey 2. Observing that people who are more productive sleep less -- A. correlation 3. Comparing test score from people took a practice test¸ versus others who only reread the textbook -- D. experiment 4. Job shadowing to better understand the stress of a workplace -- B. participant observation
A major purpose of all surveys is to predict future performance.
false
An experimental psychology course asks all student to administer a questionnaire about classroom technology use. The approach being used here is best described as a ______________ .
survey
The location where data are collected may create alternative explanations for any results that are obtained.
true
A case study can include more than one person.
true
Which of the following is not a measure of central tendency?
A Mean B Median C Mode D Standard deviation **
It has been determined that approximately 1.6 standard deviations away from the mean represent the most extreme ___% of a population on one side of the distribution:
A 1 B 2 C 5** D 50
Experiments are different from other forms of research because:
A A variable must be always be measured. B The independent variable must be manipulated. ** C It is the only instance that we can compare groups. D There are no confounds in experiments.
An employer completes a survey on how they agree or disagree with social equality in the work place. Not wanting his employer to think that he is sexist, the employee decides to answer "agree" to all questions. This is an example of:
A Acquiescence B Social desirability bias ** C Extreme survey bias. D Moderated survey bias
