Chapter 2: Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter = Fundamental Building Blocks of Living Things

An acid increases

[H+]

Properties of Water

High surface tension, High heat of fusion, High heat of vaporization, high specific heat.

Atoms

Made up Protons(+), Neutrons(neutral), Electron(-).

pH

Measurement of the H+ ion concentration. (-log10 [H+])

Number of Protons =

Number of Electrons

Atomic number =

Number of Protons

Atomic mass =

Number of Protons and Neutrons

Buffers

The internal pH of most living cells must remain close to pH 7(neutral). Buffers are substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution. Most buffers consist of an acid-base pair that reversibly combines with H+.

Atoms are more stable when?

Their outermost electron orbitals are filled.

Element

Variation in subatomic particles makes up specific elements. The number of protons determines which element.

Why is Carbon so complex?

Has 4 covalent bonds which means it can form large complex molecules.

A base decreases the concentration of

H+

Neutral pH

Equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions.

Basic pH

Excess OH- ions in solution (also called alkaline)

Acidic pH

Excess of H+ ions in solution

Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter = Fundamental Building Blocks of Living Things

Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds.

4 Emergent properties of Water contribute to Earth's life for life.

Cohesive behavior, Ability to moderate temperature, Expansion upon freezing, Versatility as a solvent.