Chapter 2: Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter = Fundamental Building Blocks of Living Things
An acid increases
[H+]
Properties of Water
High surface tension, High heat of fusion, High heat of vaporization, high specific heat.
Atoms
Made up Protons(+), Neutrons(neutral), Electron(-).
pH
Measurement of the H+ ion concentration. (-log10 [H+])
Number of Protons =
Number of Electrons
Atomic number =
Number of Protons
Atomic mass =
Number of Protons and Neutrons
Buffers
The internal pH of most living cells must remain close to pH 7(neutral). Buffers are substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution. Most buffers consist of an acid-base pair that reversibly combines with H+.
Atoms are more stable when?
Their outermost electron orbitals are filled.
Element
Variation in subatomic particles makes up specific elements. The number of protons determines which element.
Why is Carbon so complex?
Has 4 covalent bonds which means it can form large complex molecules.
A base decreases the concentration of
H+
Neutral pH
Equal amounts of H+ and OH- ions.
Basic pH
Excess OH- ions in solution (also called alkaline)
Acidic pH
Excess of H+ ions in solution
Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter = Fundamental Building Blocks of Living Things
Atoms, Elements, Molecules, and Compounds.
4 Emergent properties of Water contribute to Earth's life for life.
Cohesive behavior, Ability to moderate temperature, Expansion upon freezing, Versatility as a solvent.