CHAPTER 2: Hardware

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SSD characteristics:

1.) No moving parts 2.) Extremely fast 3.) Uses lasers to read information.

Storage Capacities from HIGHEST to LOWEST:

1.) Petabyte 2.) Terabyte 3.) Gigabyte 4.) Megabyte 5.) Kilobyte

Personal computer CPU clock speeds range between ________.

2-4 gigahertz

Bus

A channel over which information flows inside a computer

Some computers use ________, an 8-bit coding scheme to represent characters in a binary format.

ASCII

The _________ coding language uses 8 bits to represent a byte of information.

ASCII

If you want a non-mobile computer without the relatively large footprint of a desktop, consider purchasing a(n) _________ computer.

All-In-One Computer

FireWire and Thunderbolt connectors were developed for ______ computers.

Apple/MAC

Gigahertz is equal to one ________ cycles (instructions) per second.

Billion

Bus width is measured in ______. A 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data.

Bits

The term used to describe writing (storing) data on a DVD is ______.

Burning

The two major factors that impact processor speeds are clock speed and ________.

Bus Width

In addition to the RAM, modern processors temporarily keep frequently accessed data in a ________.

Cache

Hard Drive _______ is the amount of storage you have available to save data and information.

Capacity

Laptop Computer

Clamshell-type mobile computer

The two main components of a processor are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and the ________ unit.

Control

Devices with a separate system unit and a relatively large footprint is called ______ computers.

Desktop

Screen size is measured by the _________.

Diagonal distance between the upper right and lower left corners of the screen.

The amount of space a device takes up on a desk or table is referred to as its _________.

Footprint

The ______ is a computers within your computer that creates images.

GPU

The depiction of image data on a display or output device are called ________.

Graphics

_________ is the standard for video and audio input into televisions today.

HDMI

Tablet Computer

Highly-mobile-- you can use it while standing or walking around.

Connecting digital musical devices to computers is accomplished by using _______ port.

MIDI

The system unit of a computer is that part that houses the computer's main circuit board. This circuit board, which holds the CPU, is called the ____________.

Motherboard

Desktop Computer

Not mobile, but allows for relatively easy upgrade and explansion

All-in-One Computer

Not mobile, but since most of its components are housed behind the monitor it takes relatively little space on your desk.

The place in a digital device where the data and programs that device is currently using and are accessible by the processor is called the _______.

RAM

The __________ of monitors and other display devices is measured in pixels

Resolution

Data from the hard drive can reach CPU ________ than data from the RAM.

Slower Info: because it has to travel over more buses, data from the hard drive takes longer to reach the CPU than data from the RAM.

The most powerful computers, ___________ can evaluate complex data very quickly.

SuperComputers

Bus Width

The amount of data that can be transmitted over a channel at a given time

A coding scheme capable of representing the languages of the world, ________ uses 16 bits to represent information.

UNICODE

The number of bits that can be processed at one time during one machine cycle is a processor's _________.

Word Size

The computer that can be found inside a digital watch is referred to as a _______ computer. It has a real time operating system.

embedded

Hertz

equals one cycle (instruction) per second

Megahertz

equals one million cycles (instruction) per second

Gigahertz

equals one million cycles (instructions) per second

A mulitcore processor has the ability to execute two or more sets of instructions at the same time. This is called _______.

hyperthreading


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