Chapter 2: Orientation to the Human Body

True or False: The plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions is the sagittal plane.

False

True or False: The plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is the coronal plane.

True

superior

above; closer to the head

regions

an approach at dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into nine areas

plane

an imaginary two-dimensional flat surface

brachial

arm (between the shoulder and elbow)

axillary

armpit

cranial (cephalic)

at the head end of the body

caudal

at the tail end of the body

lateral

away from the midline of the body

inferior

below; closer to the feet

deep

beneath the surface of the body; on the inside

buccal

cheek

mental

chin

umbilical region

contains a majority of the small intestine

right hypochondriac region

contains part of the liver

left iliac region

contains part of the small intestine

right iliac region

contains part of the small intestine

inguinal

groin

umbilical

naval

oblique

runs at an angle to any of the three main planes of the body (coronal, transverse, or sagittal)

coronal (frontal)

separates anterior portions from posterior portions

anatomic position

the position of the body when one is standing up with the feet parallel and flat on the floor, and the upper limbs are at the sides of the body with the palms of the hands facing forward (anterior)

physiology

to study the nature of how the body functions

posterior (dorsal)

toward the back of the body (the back side)

anterior (ventral)

toward the front of the body (the belly side)

True or False: The urinary bladder is found within the umbilical region.

False

True or False: The posterior aspect contains both the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.

True

section

a slice made along one of the two-dimensional planes

serous fluid

a slippery substance secreted by the cells that compose the serous membrane in the space between the two layers of membrane to act as a lubricant; reduces friction between organs and surrounding structures

quadrants

an approach at dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into four areas

gluteal

buttock

right lumbar region

contains part of the small intestine

left lumbar region

contains part of the small intestine and most of the left kidney

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

contains part of the small intestine and part of the urinary bladder

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

contains part of the small intestine and part of the urinary bladder

hypogastric region

contains part of the small intestine and the urinary bladder

epigastric region

contains part of the stomach and most of the liver

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

contains the liver, pancreas, and part of the small intestine

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

contains the spleen, left kidney, stomach, and part of the small intestine

left hypochondriac region

contains the spleen, part of the stomach, and part of the left kidney

serous membranes

cover organs within the body cavities; are composed of two layers: visceral (lays adjacent to the organ) and parietal (attaches to the wall of the body cavity)

orbital

eye

distal

far; farther from the attachment point of a limb to the trunk

digital/phalangeal

fingers or toes

A horizontal section through the tarsus would separate the ____ from the _____.

foot, ankle

The abdominal cavity can be divided into a total of ____ quadrants or ____ regions. The central point of reference for dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants or regions is the _________.

four, nine, umbilicus

cephalic

head

The left kidney is located in the ____ _____ abdominopelvic quadrant and the ____ ______ abdominopelvic region.

left upper, left lumbar

anatomy

literally means "to cut apart"

lumbar

lower back

The abdominopelvic region located directly lateral to the umbilical region is the ______ region.

lumbar

To divide an image of a Valentine heart into equal sections, a ___________ section should be used.

midsagittal

proximal

near; closer to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk

cervical

neck

A _____ is an imaginary two-dimensional flat surface. A _______ is a slice made along one of these two-dimensional flat surfaces.

plane, section

midsagittal (median)

separates right and left portions equally; runs down the midline of the body

sagittal (parasagittal)

separates right portions from left portions

transverse (horizontal)

separates superior portions from inferior portions

plantar

sole of the foot

vertebral

spinal column

sectional anatomy

the study of anatomy that involves viewing sections (or slices) of an organ or the body

femoral

thigh

medial

toward the midline of the body

superficial

toward the surface of the body; on the outside

A patient was in a knife fight and suffered a 2-inch stab wound in his back. The knife entered the posterior thorax along the midsagittal (median) plane and entered the posterior aspect (posterior body cavity). What organ in the posterior aspect is likely to have been injured by this wound?

vertebral column

carpal

wrist