Chapter 2: Orientation to the Human Body
True or False: The plane that separates the body into superior and inferior portions is the sagittal plane.
False
True or False: The plane that separates the body into anterior and posterior portions is the coronal plane.
True
superior
above; closer to the head
regions
an approach at dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into nine areas
plane
an imaginary two-dimensional flat surface
brachial
arm (between the shoulder and elbow)
axillary
armpit
cranial (cephalic)
at the head end of the body
caudal
at the tail end of the body
lateral
away from the midline of the body
inferior
below; closer to the feet
deep
beneath the surface of the body; on the inside
buccal
cheek
mental
chin
umbilical region
contains a majority of the small intestine
right hypochondriac region
contains part of the liver
left iliac region
contains part of the small intestine
right iliac region
contains part of the small intestine
inguinal
groin
umbilical
naval
oblique
runs at an angle to any of the three main planes of the body (coronal, transverse, or sagittal)
coronal (frontal)
separates anterior portions from posterior portions
anatomic position
the position of the body when one is standing up with the feet parallel and flat on the floor, and the upper limbs are at the sides of the body with the palms of the hands facing forward (anterior)
physiology
to study the nature of how the body functions
posterior (dorsal)
toward the back of the body (the back side)
anterior (ventral)
toward the front of the body (the belly side)
True or False: The urinary bladder is found within the umbilical region.
False
True or False: The posterior aspect contains both the cranial cavity and the vertebral canal.
True
section
a slice made along one of the two-dimensional planes
serous fluid
a slippery substance secreted by the cells that compose the serous membrane in the space between the two layers of membrane to act as a lubricant; reduces friction between organs and surrounding structures
quadrants
an approach at dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into four areas
gluteal
buttock
right lumbar region
contains part of the small intestine
left lumbar region
contains part of the small intestine and most of the left kidney
left lower quadrant (LLQ)
contains part of the small intestine and part of the urinary bladder
right lower quadrant (RLQ)
contains part of the small intestine and part of the urinary bladder
hypogastric region
contains part of the small intestine and the urinary bladder
epigastric region
contains part of the stomach and most of the liver
right upper quadrant (RUQ)
contains the liver, pancreas, and part of the small intestine
left upper quadrant (LUQ)
contains the spleen, left kidney, stomach, and part of the small intestine
left hypochondriac region
contains the spleen, part of the stomach, and part of the left kidney
serous membranes
cover organs within the body cavities; are composed of two layers: visceral (lays adjacent to the organ) and parietal (attaches to the wall of the body cavity)
orbital
eye
distal
far; farther from the attachment point of a limb to the trunk
digital/phalangeal
fingers or toes
A horizontal section through the tarsus would separate the ____ from the _____.
foot, ankle
The abdominal cavity can be divided into a total of ____ quadrants or ____ regions. The central point of reference for dividing the abdominopelvic cavity into quadrants or regions is the _________.
four, nine, umbilicus
cephalic
head
The left kidney is located in the ____ _____ abdominopelvic quadrant and the ____ ______ abdominopelvic region.
left upper, left lumbar
anatomy
literally means "to cut apart"
lumbar
lower back
The abdominopelvic region located directly lateral to the umbilical region is the ______ region.
lumbar
To divide an image of a Valentine heart into equal sections, a ___________ section should be used.
midsagittal
proximal
near; closer to the attachment point of a limb to the trunk
cervical
neck
A _____ is an imaginary two-dimensional flat surface. A _______ is a slice made along one of these two-dimensional flat surfaces.
plane, section
midsagittal (median)
separates right and left portions equally; runs down the midline of the body
sagittal (parasagittal)
separates right portions from left portions
transverse (horizontal)
separates superior portions from inferior portions
plantar
sole of the foot
vertebral
spinal column
sectional anatomy
the study of anatomy that involves viewing sections (or slices) of an organ or the body
femoral
thigh
medial
toward the midline of the body
superficial
toward the surface of the body; on the outside
A patient was in a knife fight and suffered a 2-inch stab wound in his back. The knife entered the posterior thorax along the midsagittal (median) plane and entered the posterior aspect (posterior body cavity). What organ in the posterior aspect is likely to have been injured by this wound?
vertebral column
carpal
wrist
