Chapter 2 Quiz

The decline in criminal activities with age is known as ______ a.) midlife crisis b.) life-course persistent offending c.) the age effect d.) the aging-out phenomenon

d.) the aging-out phenomenon

Which one of the seven ingredients of crime requires that the actor achieve the result through his or her own effort? a.) the harm requirement b.) the legality requirement c.) the act requirement d.) the causation requirement

d.) the causation requirement

Which one of the seven ingredients of crime requires that the criminal act must be accompanied by and equally criminal mind? a.) the guilty mind requirement b.) the punishment requirement c.) the causation requirement d.) the concurrence requirement

d.) the concurrence requirement

The life-course perspective argues that a.) the decrease in crime rates after adolescence implies that the number of crimes committed by all individual offenders declines b.) the factors that influence people's entrance into criminal activity and the factors that induce them to give up criminal activity are the same c.) all offenders commit fewer crimes as they grow older because they have less strength, less mobility, and so on d.) the frequency of criminal involvement depends on such social factors as economic situation, peer pressure, and lifestyle

d.) the frequency of criminal involvement depends on such social factors as economic situation, peer pressure, and lifestyle

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR)? a.) they include data on reported crimes b.) they provide crime rates c.) they include the number of offenses cleared by arrest d.) they differentiate between completed acts and attempted acts

d.) they differentiate between completed acts and attempted acts

For the purposes of research, which group is NOT considered a vulnerable population? a.) adult females b.) the mentally ill c.) children d.) those with low social status

a.) adult females

A(n) _______ is an analysis of all pertinent aspects of one unit of study, such as an individual, an institution, a group, or a community a.) case study b.) survey c.) experiment d.) participant observation

a.) case study

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) measures the extent of victimization by a.) rape and robbery b.) suicide c.) homicide d.) arson and traffic violations

a.) rape and robbery

Which of the following is a limitation of self-report surveys? a.) respondents may not tell the truth b.) the information they yield applies to individuals of many age ranges c.) they represent a wide range of criminal acts d.) the samples are never biased

a.) respondents may not tell the truth

Part II offenses of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) are excluded from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) for all of the following reasons EXCEPT a.) they are not that serious b.) many of them are considered victimless c.) the victims do not know they have been victimized d.) often the victims are willing participants

a.) they are not that serious

_______ are severe crimes, subject to punishments of a year or more in prison or to capital punishment a.) Misdemeanors b.) Felonies c.) Violations d.) Torts

b.) Felonies

According to the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR), which of the following crimes is considered to be a crime against property? a.) traffic violations b.) aggravated assault c.) motor vehicle theft d.) robbery

c.) motor vehicle theft

Which of the following is true of criminal acts? a.) most personal thefts are committed at night b.) most crimes are committed in small cities and suburbs c.) nationwide crime rates vary by season d.) on school days, juvenile violent crimes rate peak in the morning

c.) nationwide crime rates vary by season

What type of data source suggests that the gender differences in crime may be narrowing? a.) victimization surveys b.) police statistics c.) self-report surveys d.) Uniform Crime Reports

c.) self-report surveys

_______ allows scientists to test hypotheses about how two or more variables are related a.) Case study b.) Survey c.) Nonparticipant observation d.) Experimentation

d.) Experimentation

Males traditionally commit more of which of the following crimes than females? a.) prostitution b.) welfare fraud c.) shoplifting d.) aggravated assault

d.) aggravated assault

What are some of the limitations of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) a.) the data reported suffers from the fact that memories may fade over time b.) the NCVS includes only seven offenses c.) some individual variations in interviewing and recording style occur, resulting in variation in the information recorded d.) all of these

d.) all of these

To learn how the causes of crime vary at different ages, Alfred Blumstein and his colleagues suggest that criminologists study a.) socioeconomic status b.) age c.) gender d.) criminal careers

d.) criminal careers

Which of the following statements is true of the relationship between age and crime? a.) gang membership is ordinarily confined to individuals under age 14 b.) in any given year, approximately half of all arrests are of individuals above age 30 c.) juveniles account for over 40% of arrests for index crimes d.) people age 65 and over account for less than 1% of all arrests

d.) people age 65 and over account for less than 1% of all arrests

Self-report surveys reveal which of the following? a.) only a small percentage of the general population commits crime b.) boys and girls commit the same amount of offenses c.) there is no relationship between violence and educational attainment d.) unrecorded offenders commit a wide variety of offenses, rather than specializing in one type of offense

d.) unrecorded offenders commit a wide variety of offenses, rather than specializing in one type of offense