soc101 chapter 5

To what does the McDonaldization of society refer?

McDonald's organizational principles are coming to dominate our society

Applying Cooley's criteria, which of the following is the best illustration of a secondary group?

a meeting of the Rotary Club

Which of the following is NOT one of the principles of McDonaldization?

creativity

A temporary, loosely formed collection of people who may or may not interact is referred to as a:

crowd

All the passengers on an international flight are an example of a:

crowd

In which type of leadership situation will the successful leader use humor to lighten serious moments?

expressive leadership

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes collective well-being?

expressive leadership

You are asked to assume leadership of a troubled group that is rife with debilitating conflict. In order to restore stability, what leadership style should you adopt?

expressive leadership

Which of the following is every society's most important primary group?

family

Applying Cooley's criteria, which is the best illustration of a primary group?

family gathering for Christmas

Large secondary groups that are organized to achieve their goals are referred to as:

formal organizations

What are the characteristics of secondary groups?

goal orientation, short-term, and a means to an end

For parents, what type of formal organization is the PTA?

normative organization

What types of formal organization are also called voluntary associations?

normative organizations

What is the rule of the many by the few?

oligarchy

A social group toward which we feel competition or opposition is an:

out-group

What are the characteristics of a primary group?

personal orientation, long-term, and an end in itself

Cooley referred to a small social group whose members share personal and enduring relationships as a:

primary group

A young graduate student imagines her professor's response to her research paper. What type of group does her professor represent?

reference group

Select the term for a social group that serves as a point of reference in making evaluations or decisions.

reference group

The emergency room clerk who keeps a profusely bleeding patient waiting while she fills out her extensive paperwork is a classic example of bureaucratic...

ritualism

You have been invited to speak at your University's commencement ceremonies. Cooley's approach suggests that you would be speaking to a ________ group.

secondary

What term did Cooley use to refer to a large impersonal social group whose members pursue a specific goal or activity?

secondary group

What do sociologists call two or more people who identify and interact with one another?

social group

Why did Cooley refer to some groups as "primary groups?"

they are among the first groups we experience in life

Select the statement about secondary groups that is FALSE.

they are necessarily formal and unemotional

Below are statements about primary groups. Select the statement that is FALSE.

they provide a means to another ends

What types of formal organizations bestow material benefit on their members?

utilitarian organizations

Select the attribute that is NOT characteristic of secondary groups.

warm, informal interaction

What term refers to an organizational model rationally designed to perform complex tasks efficiently

bureaucracy

What term did Merton coin to signify a preoccupation with rules and regulations to the point of thwarting an organization's goals?

bureaucratic ritualism

What is the appropriate sociological term for all people with a common status, such as "college students?"

category

Your criminology class is touring a maximum-security prison. You are visiting a ____________ organization.

coercive

For the patients who are involuntarily committed, what type of formal organization are mental hospitals?

coercive organization

A social group commanding a member's esteem and loyalty is an:

in-group

The tendency of bureaucratic organizations to perpetuate themselves is referred to as bureaucratic...

inertia

What has research shown about in-groups and out-groups?

ingroup-outgroup boundaries lead to unfairly negative views of outgroups

In which type of leadership situation will the leader tend to form a secondary, but not primary, relationship with other group members?

instrumental leadership

In which type of leadership situation will the successful leader receive a distant respect?

instrumental leadership

What is the term for group leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks?

instrumental leadership

You have been assigned to a group where the leader focuses on the accomplishment of goals. What type of leadership is your group leader providing?

instrumental leadership