Chapter 2 Quiz

An organ system is composed of which of the following? -Three distinct layers called germ layers -A group of organs organized to perform complementary functions -Connective and supporting tissues -Muscle and nerve tissues

A group of organs organized to perform complementary functions

Programmed cell death is called -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Apoptosis

Reduction in the size of cells in response to less favorable conditions. -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Atrophy

The function of lysosomes is to: -produce digestive enzymes and antibody proteins -convert food materials into energy -break down particles or worn-out cellular components -aid in cell division

Break down particles or worn-out cellular components

Dysplasia of epithelial cells sometimes results from which of the following? -Increased enzymes synthesis -Excessive sodium intake -Apoptosis -Chronic irritation or inflammation

Chronic irritation or inflammation

What are long, flexible fibers that are strong but do not stretch? -Collagen fibers -Elastic fibers -reticular fibers -matrix

Collagen fibers

Disturbed or abnormal development and maturation of cells -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Dysplasia

What are tissues that form the external covering of the body and organs that contact the external environment? -Endoderm -Mesoderm -Ectoderm -Inner cell mass

Ectoderm

What tissues form inner layers of the body and linings of organs? -Endoderm -Mesoderm -Ectoderm -Inner cell mass

Endoderm

Various supporting tissues such as cartilage and bone are derived from the endoderm. True/False

False

An increase in the size of a tissue or organ due to an increased number of cells -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Hyperplasia

An increase in the size of individual cells -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Hypertrophy

What are the collection of cells that gives rise to the distinct germ layers? -Endoderm -Mesoderm -Ectoderm -Inner cell mass

Inner cell mass

What tissues are used to support motion, circulation, urination, generation? -Endoderm -Mesoderm -Ectoderm -Inner cell mass

Mesoderm

Which of the following statements best describes epithelium? -Epithelium consists of small groups of cells dispersed in a large amount of extracellular material called matrix -Mesothelium is a type of flat epithelium lining the pleural cavity and external surface of the lung. -Cartilage is a type of modified epithelium -Endothelium is a type of stratified squamous epithelium

Mesothelium is a type of flat epithelium lining the pleural cavity and external surface of the lung

A change from one type of cell to another type better able to tolerate adverse conditions. -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Metaplasia

Structural changes occurring in dead cells -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Necrosis

Development of a mass of abnormal cells called a tumor -Metaplasia -hyperplasia -atrophy -neoplasia -hypertrophy -apoptosis -necrosis -dysplasia

Neoplasia

The activities of the cell are directed by which cell structure? -Cell membranes -Organelles -Cytoplasm -Nucleus

Nucleus

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles are all examples of which of the following? -Enzymes -Organs -Cell membranes -Organelles

Organelles

Mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and centrioles are all examples of which of the following? -Organs -Organelles -Cell membrane -Enzymes

Organelles

Fat stored in adipose tissue functions as stored energy, as well as padding and insulation. True/False

True

Neoplasia is a term for dysplastic cells that undergo malignant transformation. True/false

True

Phagocytosis is a method by which cells ingest particles that are too large to cross through the cell membrane by other means. True/False

True

The normal osmolarity of blood and bloody fluids is 300 Osm/L. A person with severe diabetes and greatly elevated blood glucose has a blood osmolarity of 370 Osm/L. Which of the following events will result from the increased osmolarity? -Water shifts by the osmosis from the cells into the extra cellular fluid (ECF). -Water shifts by osmosis from the extracellular fluid into the cells. -No water shifts will occur between the cells and the extracellular fluids as a result of the higher osmolarity of the subjects blood and body fluid -Equal amounts of water move from the cells into the ECF and from the ECF into the cells, and thus, there is no net change in the water content of either the cells or the ECF

Water shifts by the osmosis from the cells into the extra cellular fluid (ECF).

What are fibers that stretch readily and return to their former shape? -Collagen fibers -Elastic fibers -reticular fibers -matrix

elastic fibers

During contraction of a muscle fiber, actin filaments slide outward and lengthen the fiber. True/false

false

What is an extracellular material into which various fibers are embedded? -Collagen fibers -Elastic fibers -reticular fibers -matrix

matrix

What are thin, delicate fibers that form in a fine meshwork to support organs such as the liver? -Collagen fibers -Elastic fibers -reticular fibers -matrix

reticular fibers