Chapter 2 Theory

What types of decisions involve higher level issues concerned with the overall direction of the organization; these decisions define the organization's overall goals and aspirations for the future? -Operational decisions -Strategic decisions -Managerial decisions

Strategic decisions

What is a chart displaying a graphical representation of the change of a variable over time? Multiple choice question. Sparkline Digital dashboard Histogram Time-series chart

Time-series chart

What type of information encompasses all the information contained within a single business process or unit of work, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of daily operational or structured decisions? Multiple choice question. DSS OLAP Analytical information Transactional information

Transactional information

True or false: A time-series chart is a chart is a graphical representation showing change of a variable over time. Time-series charts are used for data that changes continuously, such as stock prices. True false question. True False

True

With machine learning, machines are able to act without human programs detailing how to perform tasks. Machine learning is one of the scary terms in AI as it points to a future where AI robots could have the possibility of being smarter than humans. True false question. True False

True

Select three characteristics of strategic decisions. -Short term, daily, monthly, yearly time frames -Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types -Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames -Middle managers and director employee types -Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types

Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types

Select three characteristics of strategic decisions. -Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types -Short term, daily, monthly, yearly time frames -Middle managers and director employee types -Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types -Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames

Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types Senior management, presidents, leaders, and executives employee types Long term, yearly, and multi-year time frames

When considering the interrelationships between efficiency and effectiveness where does a company want to operate? -Upper right-hand corner -Lower left-hand corner -Lower right-hand corner -Upper left-hand corner

Upper right-hand corner

___________ reality is a computer-simulated environment that can be a simulation of the real world or an imaginary world. Multiple choice question. Virtual Intelligent Neural

Virtual

What is a work environment that is not located in any one physical space? Multiple choice question. Augmented reality Virtual workplace Haptic interface Google glass

Virtual Workplace

What produces graphical displays of patterns and complex relationships in large amounts of data? Multiple choice question. Visualization Granularity Optimization

Visualization

Select three opportunities managers can identify when focusing on reengineering. Multiple select question. Will savings from automation be clearly visible? Is the process broken? Will the strategic direction of the company be viable? Is it crucial for productivity improvement?

Will savings from automation be clearly visible? Is the process broken? Is it crucial for productivity improvement?

________ control systems monitor processes to ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified. Multiple choice question. Operational Workflow Bottleneck

Workflow

Online ____________ processing is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making. Multiple choice question. informational transactional organizational analytical

analytical

What are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry? -Return on investment -Best practices -Market share

best practices

What processes are business processes, such as manufacturing goods, selling products, and providing service, that make up the primary activities in a value chain? Multiple choice question. Financial processes Customer processes Core processes

core processes

Digital __________ track KPIs and CSFs by compiling information from multiple sources and tailoring it to meet user needs. Multiple choice question. dashboards analysis transactions

dashboards

A(n) ________ information system is a specialized DSS that supports senior-level executives and unstructured, long-term, nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation,and insight. Multiple choice question. managerial operational informational executive

executive

________ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems. Multiple choice question. Expert Virtual Genetic Neural

expert

________ systems are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems. Multiple choice question. Virtual Expert Genetic Neural

expert

What is a mathematical method of handling imprecise or subjective information? Multiple choice question. Mutation Fuzzy logic Shopping bot Augmented reality

fuzzy logic

__________ -seeking analysis finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output. Multiple choice question. Sensitivity What Goal Optimization

goal

What is a representation of information in a graphic format designed to make the data easily understandable at a glance? Multiple choice question. optimization analysis infographic sensitivity granularity

infographic

What presents the results of data analysis, displaying the patterns, relationships, and trends in a graphical format? Multiple choice question. infographics data artist analysis paralysis analytics

infographics

Return on _________ indicates the earning power of a project. -information -industry -investment

investment

What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn? Multiple choice question. Machine learning Dark learning Deep learning Artificial learning

machine learning

What is the ability of a computer to "see" by digitizing an image, processing the data it contains, and taking some kind of action? Multiple choice question. Case-based reasoning Expert system Machine vision

machine vision

At the _________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change.

managerial

At the _________ level, employees are continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change. -strategic -operational -managerial -informational

managerial

______ share is the proportion of the market that a firm captures. -Performance -Success -Market

market

What is the proportion of the market that a firm captures? -Critical success factors -Key performance indicators -Market share

market share

________ are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals.

metrics

What is a common type of transaction processing system? Multiple choice question. Executive information system Order entry system Digital dashboard

order entry system

Best ___________ are the most successful solutions or problem solving methods that have been developed by a specific organization or industry. -practices -processes -metrics

practices

______ analysis is the study of the impact on other variables when one variable is changed repeatedly. Multiple choice question. Goal Sensitivity What-if Optimization

sensitivity

A sparkline is a small embedded line graph that illustrates a _____________ trend. Sparklines are often used in reports, presentations, dashboards, and scoreboards. Multiple choice question. series single double triple

single

What is the original transaction record? Multiple choice question. Decision document Source document Project document

source document

What uses a systematic approach in an attempt to improve business effectiveness and efficiency? Multiple choice question. business process patent core process static process dynamic process

static process

At what level do managers develop overall business strategies, goals, and objectives as part of the company's strategic plan?

strategic level

A(n) __________ (one word) processing system is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions? Multiple choice question. process transaction management decision

transaction

Strategic decisions are highly ____________ decisions, occurring in situations in which no procedures or rules exist to guide decision makers toward the correct choice.

unstructured

________-if analysis checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model. Multiple choice question. What Sensitivity Goal

what

What monitors processes to ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified? Multiple choice question. operational business processes swim lanes workflow control system

workflow control system

What monitors processes to ensure tasks, activities, and responsibilities are executed as specified? Multiple choice question. workflow control system operational business processes swim lanes

workflow control system

What compasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions? Multiple choice question. Analytical information Transactional information Source documents

Analytical information

What is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system? Multiple choice question. Effectiveness metrics Metrics Efficiency metrics Benchmarking

Benchmarking

_______ enables users to view details, and details of details, of information. Multiple choice question. Slice-and-Dice Consolidation Pivot Drill-down

Drill-down

__________ MIS metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates. -Effectiveness -Benchmarks -Efficiency

Effectiveness

Which metrics measure the impact MIS has on business processes and activities, including customer satisfaction and customer conversion rates? -Efficiency MIS metrics -Project MIS metrics -Effectiveness MIS metrics -Quality MIS metrics

Effectiveness MIS metrics

__________ is the ability to look at information from different perspectives. Multiple choice question. Pivot Slice-and-Dice Drill-Down Consolidation

Slice-and-Dice

What is the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysts) and assists in making structured decisions? Multiple choice question. Executive information system Transaction processing system Decision support system Enterprise Resource Planning System

Transaction processing system

Select the three primary types of MIS decision-making systems. Multiple select question. Neural network systems Business process systems Transaction processing system Executive information systems Decision support systems

Transaction processing system Executive information systems Decision support systems

Business process __________ is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between enterprises. Multiple choice question. reengineering remodeling mapping

remodeling

Identify the potential features that can be included in a digital dashboard for a manufacturing team. (Check all that apply.) Multiple select question. A list of key performance indicators A list of outstanding alerts A list of employees' retirement benefits A list of the number of earned leaves of employees A graph of stock market prices

A list of key performance indicators A list of outstanding alerts A graph of stock market prices

Select two types of DSS systems. Multiple select question. A system that processes payroll for employees A system that tracks orders for products A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies

A system to diagnose and treat patients A system that identifies risks for insurance companies

What refers to a set of instructions that completes a task? Multiple choice question. Algorithm Reengineering Online processes Streamlining

Algorithm

Select the three characteristics of operational information. -Analysts and staff employee types -Unstructured, nonrecurring, one time decision types -Senior management and executives employee types -Short term and day-to-day operational time frames -Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types

Analysts and staff employee types Short term and day-to-day operational time frames Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types

__________ information encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions. Multiple choice question. Informational Analytical Transactional Organizational

Analytical

What compasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis or semistructured decisions? Multiple choice question. Transactional information Source documents Analytical information

Analytical information

_________ process models represent the current state of the operation that has been mapped, without any specific improvements or changes to existing processes. Multiple choice question. To-Be Drill-Down As-Is AI

As-Is

________ reality is the viewing of the physical world with computer-generated layers of information added to it. Multiple choice question. Virtual Neural Augmented

Augmented

__________ is the process of computerizing manual tasks, making them more efficient and effective and dramatically lowering operational costs. Multiple choice question. Reengineering Streamlining Automation

Automation

Select the three primary types of business process change. Multiple select question. Automation Streamlining Redundancy Bottlenecks Reengineering

Automation Streamlining Reengineering

Which are key performance indicators? -Average customer spending -Reduce product costs -Number of new customers -Turnover rates of employees

Average customer spending Number of new customers Turnover rates of employees

__________ is a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system. Multiple choice question. Metrics Benchmark Benchmarking

Benchmarking

Which of the following does fuzzy logic assign as values to vague or ambiguous information? Multiple choice question. First, second, or last Either 0 or 1 Between 0 and 1 A and B

Between 0 and 1

What is a graphical notation that depicts the steps in a business process? Multiple choice question. Business Process Model and Notation As-Is Process Model Notation To-Be Process Model Notation

Business Process Model and Notation

What is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process that shows its inputs, tasks, and activities in a structured sequence? Multiple choice question. Government process modeling Customer process modeling Business process modeling

Business process modeling

What are invisible to the external customer but essential to the effective management of the business? Multiple choice question. Customer-facing processes Business-facing processes

Business-facing processes

What is a method whereby new problems are solved based on the solutions from similar cases solved in the past? Multiple choice question. Expert systems Neural network Case-based reasoning Intelligent agents

Case-based reasoning

Which is a semistructured decision? -Reordering inventory -Changing employee benefits -Entering a new industry

Changing employee benefits

Select three features of a neural network. Multiple select question. Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables Displays a hot list of key performance indicators Lending themselves to massive parallel processing Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own

Coping with huge volumes of information with many dependent variables Lending themselves to massive parallel processing Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on their own

Which are critical success factors? -Create high-quality products -Retain competitive advantages -Number of new customers -Reduce product costs

Create high-quality products Retain competitive advantages Reduce product costs

__________ success factors are the crucial steps companies perform to achieve their goals and objectives and implement their strategies. Multiple choice question.

Critical

__________-facing processes result in a product or service received by an organization's external customer. Multiple choice question. Business Stakeholder Customer Operation

Customer

_____ time is the time required to process an order. Multiple choice question. Cycle Business Customer

Cycle

Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action? Multiple choice question. Decision support system Executive information system Transactional processing system

Decision support system

Select the system that models information using OLAP, which provides assistance in evaluating and choosing among different courses of action? Multiple choice question. Decision support system Transactional processing system Executive information system

Decision support system

______ learning is a process that employs specialized algorithms to model and study complex datasets; the method is also used to establish relationships among data and datasets. Multiple choice question. Data Deep Light Dark

Deep

Which metrics measure the performance of MIS itself, such as throughput, transaction speed, and system availability? -Best practices -Effectiveness MIS metrics -Efficiency MIS metrics

Efficiency MIS metrics

What are computerized advisory programs that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems? Multiple choice question. Expert systems Neutral networks Genetic algorithm Virtual reality

Expert systems

Select three purposes of a business process model. Multiple select question. Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner Focus attention on the process model interfaces Learning and adjusting to new circumstances on its own Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model

Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner Focus attention on the process model interfaces Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model

What is an artificial intelligence system that mimics the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem? Multiple choice question. Neural network Expert system Virtual reality Genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithm

What checks the impact of a change in a variable or assumption on the model? Multiple choice question. Sensitivity analysis Optimization analysis What-if analysis Goal-seeking analysis

Goal-seeking analysis

What finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output? Multiple choice question. Sensitivity analysis Goal-seeking analysis What-if analysis

Goal-seeking analysis

What refers to the level of detail in the model or the decision-making process? Multiple choice question. Optimization Visualization Granularity

Granularity

What uses technology allowing humans to interact with a computer through bodily sensations and movements—for example, a cell phone vibrating in your pocket? Multiple choice question. Google glass Virtual workplace Augmented reality Haptic interface

Haptic Interface

________ systems are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence. Multiple choice question. Machine Intelligent Artificial

Intelligent

What is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplishes specific tasks on behalf of its users? Multiple choice question. Digital dashboard Intelligent agent Mutation

Intelligent agent

What are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence? Multiple choice question. Intelligent systems Decision support systems Transaction processing systems

Intelligent systems

Which of the following is the primary difference between knowledge performance indicators (KPIs) and critical success factors (CSFs)? -Unlike KPIs, CSFs can help management identify the deficiencies within an organization. -KPIs are far more specific than CSFs. -CSFs measure the progress of KPIs with quantifiable measurements. -One KPI can have several CSFs.

KPIs are far more specific than CSFs.

What is a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to both understand concepts in the environment, and also to learn? Multiple choice question. Machine learning Deep learning Dark learning Artificial learning

Machine learning

Weak AI

Machines that can still make their own decisions based on reasoning and past sets of data.

At which level are employees continuously evaluating company operations to hone the firm's abilities to identify, adapt to, and leverage change? -Operational -Managerial -Strategic

Managerial

What type of decisions concern how the organization should achieve the goals and objectives set by its strategy, and they are usually the responsibility of mid-level management? -Managerial decisions -Strategic decisions -Operational decisions

Managerial decisions

Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today. -Managers need to analyze large amounts of information -Managers need to make decisions based on instinct and intuition because they do not have access to large amounts of information -Managers have infinite time to make decisions -Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as ---Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions -Manager must make decisions quickly

Managers need to analyze large amounts of information Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions Manager must make decisions quickly

Select the three primary decision-making challenges facing managers today. -Managers have infinite time to make decisions -Managers need to make decisions based on instinct and intuition because they do not have access to large amounts of information -Managers need to analyze large amounts of information -Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions -Manager must make decisions quickly

Managers need to analyze large amounts of information Managers must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as Porter's strategies or forecasting, to make strategic decisions Manager must make decisions quickly

Select three examples of analytical information. Multiple select question. Market projections Sales trends Purchasing stocks Future growth projections Running payroll

Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections

Select three examples of analytical information. Multiple select question. Running payroll Market projections Purchasing stocks Sales trends Future growth projections

Market projections Sales trends Future growth projections

What are measurements that evaluate results to determine whether a project is meeting its goals? -Project -Key performance indicators -Metrics -Critical success factors

Metrics

Select three characteristics of managerial decisions. -Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types -Middle management and director employee types -Long term yearly, and multi-year time frames -Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types -Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames

Middle management and director employee types Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames

How can a spreadsheet program, such as Microsoft Office Excel, help managers make decisions? Multiple choice question. Communicating strategies Presenting new ideas Modeling relationships

Modeling relationships

What is the process within a genetic algorithm of randomly trying combinations and evaluating the success (or failure) of the outcome? Multiple choice question. Mutation Fuzzy logic Shopping bot

Mutation

What is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works? Multiple choice question. Expert system Virtual reality Genetic algorithm Neural network

Neural network

What makes analytics part of a business process? Multiple choice question. Workflow business processes Operationalized analytics Operational business processes

Operationalized analytics

_________ analysis finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints. Multiple choice question. What-if Goal-Seek Optimization Sensitivity

Optimization

What finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints? Multiple choice question. Optimization analysis Sensitivity analysis What-if analysis

Optimization analysis

What finds the optimum value for a target variable by repeatedly changing other variables, subject to specified constraints? Multiple choice question. Sensitivity analysis What-if analysis Optimization analysis

Optimization analysis

Which are critical success factors? -Reduce product costs -Create high-quality products -Retain competitive advantages -Number of new customers

Reduce product costs Create high-quality products Retain competitive advantages

Strong AI

Refers to the field of artificial intelligence that works toward providing brain-like powers to AI machines; in effect, it works to make machines as intelligent as the humans.

What indicates the earning power of a project? -Market share -Efficiency MIS metrics -Return on investment

Return on investment

What is the use of software with artificial intelligence and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required a human to perform? Multiple choice question. Robotic process automation Managerial business processes Virtual reality automation

Robotic process automation

What types of decisions occur in situations in which a few established processes help to evaluate potential solutions, but not enough to lead to a definite recommended decision? -Structured decisions -Unstructured decisions -Semistructured decisions

Semistructured decisions

Select three characteristics of managerial decisions. -Structured, recurring, repetitive decision types -Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types -Middle management and director employee types -Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames -Long term yearly, and multi-year time frames

Semistructured, ad hoc reporting decision types Middle management and director employee types Short term, daily, monthly, and yearly time frames

What is software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offerings including price and availability? Multiple choice question. Genetic algorithm Shopping bot Mutation

Shopping Bot