Chapter 20 HST-103
In 1819, facing economic depression, thousands of people gathered in St. Peter's Field in Manchester and called for political reform. How did the British government respond
Militia and mounted troops assaulted the crowd, killing several and wounding hundreds.
Wealthy industrialist turned reformer ________ advocated a general reorganization of society on the basis of cooperation and mutual respect
Robert Owen
The slave revolt that forced French revolutionaries to contend with the contradictions of revolutionary policy occurred in
Saint-Domingue
The South American revolutionary ________ hoped to create a republic across South America that would be similar to the United States
Simon Bolívar
Why did British people move to support abolitionism in the 1820s and 1830s?
Support for abolitionism came from religious arguments, a distaste for the arrogance associated with the trade, and calls from the working class.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe influenced the Romantics greatly through his first popular novel
The Passions of Young Werther.
Victor Hugo wrote
novels sympathetic to the plight of the common person.
The unrest in France, Belgium, and Poland from 1830 to 1832
proved to be a prelude to the revolutions of 1848.
The Reform Bill of 1832
reallocated seats in Parliament from rural to industrial districts in an effort to expand the franchise.
In proposing utilitarianism, Jeremy Bentham meant that
social institutions and laws should be judged based on whether they produced the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein
speaks to the limits of reason and the impossibility of controlling nature.
The Troppau Memorandum, which was signed by Russia, Prussia, and Austria, called on the signatories to aid one another in
suppressing revolution
The Congress of Vienna joined the Netherlands and Belgium together as a buffer against France, but the Belgians never accepted this arrangement, and they revolted after
the French Revolution of 1830.
During the 1840s, the leading British voice(s) calling for democracy
the chartists
One social consequence of the mobilization of armies during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars was
the forced migration of large numbers of men who had been conscripted into military service.
Although Virginia planters helped lead the American Revolution and refused to be subjects of the English king, many defended
their own right to hold slaves.
The "Concert of Europe"
was the balance of power established by Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.
The most important figure in economic liberalism was
Adam Smith.
The ________ advocated for, and won, free trade concessions that lasted until the 1920s
Anti-Corn Law League
Who was a liberal nationalist revolutionary in western Prussia who migrated to the United States, served in the Union army during the Civil War, and then was elected to the U.S. Senate?
Carl Schurz
Modern political ideologies such as nationalism, socialism, conservatism, and liberalism were articulated in the nineteenth century following the
Defeat of Napoleon
________ wrote Reflections on the Revolution in France
Edmund Burke
Ethnic groups in central and eastern Europe who sought political independence were encouraged by
Greece winning independence from the Ottoman Empire.
One of the most influential British liberals and the author of The Principles of Morals and Legislation was
Jeremy Bentham.
One of the most influential nationalist thinkers of the nineteenth century, who argued that civilization sprang from the culture of the common people, not from a learned or cultivated elite, was
Johann von Herder.
The writings of the seventeenth-century political philosopher ________ formed the basis for English liberalism.
John Locke
Romanticism was exhibited in the paintings of the British artist
Joseph Mallord William Turner.
The Communist Manifesto was written by
Karl Marx
The father of modern socialism was
Karl Marx
________ was a system of thought that was in large measure a response to the visible problems ushered in by industrialization.
Liberalism
The story of ________ told of the horrors of slave ships and became immensely popular among audiences sympathetic to the plight of slaves.
Olaudah Equiano
In 1808, the British abolitionist ________ succeeded in getting Parliament to ban British ships from participating in the African slave trade.
William Wilberforce
Which was a fundamental principle of liberalism in the aftermath of the French Revolution?
a class based concept of law
Slavery was abolished last in what country?
brazil
In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels
denounced the miserable working and living conditions of English factory workers.
Romanticism stressed the importance of
emotion, freedom, and imagination.
A distinction may be drawn between liberals and republicans on the issue of
expanding the franchise.
Which revolution, completed in 1804, worried slaveowners and inspired enslaved men and women?
haitian revolution
The Decembrist Revolt of 1825 was
initiated by a group of Russian army officers
The Holy Alliance called for
justice, Christian charity, and peace
The basis of nineteenth-century conservatism was a belief in political stability, which the conservatives thought would be guaranteed by the
monarchy
The revolutions in South America were aided in 1823 when the United States issued the
monroe doctrine