chapter 20

What is true of the antigen binding site?

it is the same on all the receptors on a single naive B cell, it contains a heavy chaing and a light chain, each antibody has 2 antigen binding sites

What does adaptive or specific immunity include?

cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity

What are characteristics of the primary immune response?

only a few cells can initially recognize the specific antigen, the response is slow and many take several weeks to develop, clonal expansion of B cells andT cells occur after antigen exposure, memory cells produced during this response can last for years

What can B cell receptors able to bind to?

proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids

What is the smallest molecular unit that can be bound to an immune receptor?

epitope

Effector T calls can NOT be categorized as memory cells and CD4+ cells

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Memory T cells utilize a similar T cell receptor to recognize and become activated by the same antigen should an infection occur again.

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Plasma B cells secrete antibodies

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How many antigen binding sites does IgM have?

10

What are the functions of dendritic cells?

Activate naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Activate effector CD4+ T cells and activate memory CD4+ T cells

What do Lymphocytes include?

B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells

What are plasma cells?

They are antibody producing cells

What may activate a naive CD4 T cell?

a dendritic cell expressing MHC class II + antigen

What are B cells genetically coded to make?

a single B cell receptor

What can antibodies do?

neutralize antigens, activate complement, stimulate opsonization and agglutination, stimulate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity

What are the two main functions of B cells?

activation of effector CD4+ T cell and antibody production

What can activate T cells during the adaptive immune response?

b cells, macrophages, or dendritic cells

TH1 cells function in what process?

the cell-mediated immune response

What is the effector function of CD8+ cells?

the cytotoxic killing of infected cells

What are cytokines?

they are chemical messengers use by T cells to communicate with each other to promote clonal expansion and proliferation